Cavazide
Generic Name
Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide
Manufacturer
Bristol-Myers Squibb / Sanofi (Original developers for Irbesartan)
Country
USA
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cavazide 75 mg tablet | ৳ 6.00 | ৳ 60.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cavazide is a combination medicine containing an angiotensin II receptor blocker (Irbesartan) and a thiazide diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide). It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usually, one tablet (Irbesartan 75 mg / Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) once daily. Dosage may be titrated based on blood pressure response.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is generally required, but monitor renal function carefully.
Renal_impairment
Not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min). In moderate impairment, start with lower doses and monitor closely.
How to Take
Administer orally, once daily, with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole with water.
Mechanism of Action
Irbesartan blocks the AT1 receptors, preventing angiotensin II from binding and causing vasoconstriction, thus lowering blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules, increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, which reduces blood volume and blood pressure.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Antihypertensive effect of Irbesartan begins within 1-2 hours, with peak effect in 4-6 hours. Hydrochlorothiazide onset is within 2 hours, with peak effect in 4 hours.
Excretion
Irbesartan is excreted via bile and kidney. Hydrochlorothiazide is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
Half life
Irbesartan has an elimination half-life of 11-15 hours. Hydrochlorothiazide has an elimination half-life of 6-15 hours.
Absorption
Irbesartan is rapidly and completely absorbed, with an oral bioavailability of 60-80%. Hydrochlorothiazide is absorbed with an oral bioavailability of about 65-70%.
Metabolism
Irbesartan undergoes minor hepatic metabolism via CYP2C9 to inactive metabolites. Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, or sulfonamide-derived drugs.
- Anuria (absence of urine production).
- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).
- Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis.
- Pregnancy (especially second and third trimesters).
- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May reduce the antihypertensive effect and increase the risk of renal impairment.
Lithium
Increased serum lithium concentrations and toxicity. Monitor lithium levels.
Digitalis glycosides
Increased susceptibility to digitalis toxicity if hypokalemia occurs.
Corticosteroids, ACTH
Enhanced electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia (hydrochlorothiazide component).
Other antihypertensives
Additive hypotensive effects.
Alcohol, Barbiturates, Narcotics
Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension with hydrochlorothiazide.
Pressor amines (e.g., norepinephrine)
Possible decreased response to pressor amines.
Potassium-sparing diuretics/Potassium supplements
May lead to hyperkalemia (Irbesartan component).
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants (e.g., tubocurarine)
Enhanced effect of muscle relaxants.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include hypotension (low blood pressure), dizziness, and electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia, hyponatremia). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Induce emesis or perform gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal. Closely monitor blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Cavazide is contraindicated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to risk of fetal harm and death. Discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected. It is not recommended during breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, or sulfonamide-derived drugs.
- Anuria (absence of urine production).
- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).
- Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis.
- Pregnancy (especially second and third trimesters).
- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May reduce the antihypertensive effect and increase the risk of renal impairment.
Lithium
Increased serum lithium concentrations and toxicity. Monitor lithium levels.
Digitalis glycosides
Increased susceptibility to digitalis toxicity if hypokalemia occurs.
Corticosteroids, ACTH
Enhanced electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia (hydrochlorothiazide component).
Other antihypertensives
Additive hypotensive effects.
Alcohol, Barbiturates, Narcotics
Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension with hydrochlorothiazide.
Pressor amines (e.g., norepinephrine)
Possible decreased response to pressor amines.
Potassium-sparing diuretics/Potassium supplements
May lead to hyperkalemia (Irbesartan component).
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants (e.g., tubocurarine)
Enhanced effect of muscle relaxants.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include hypotension (low blood pressure), dizziness, and electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia, hyponatremia). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Induce emesis or perform gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal. Closely monitor blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Cavazide is contraindicated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to risk of fetal harm and death. Discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected. It is not recommended during breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies worldwide
Approval Status
Approved (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent
Clinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, both individually and in combination, for the management of hypertension. Studies have shown superior blood pressure reduction with the combination compared to monotherapy.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood pressure regularly.
- Serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium).
- Renal function (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, eGFR).
- Liver function tests (periodically).
- Serum uric acid (due to hydrochlorothiazide).
Doctor Notes
- Monitor patient's blood pressure, renal function, and serum electrolytes regularly, especially potassium levels.
- Educate patients on the importance of adherence, lifestyle modifications, and reporting adverse effects.
- Caution in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, and avoid in pregnancy.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not stop taking the medicine without consulting your doctor, even if you feel well.
- Report any unusual symptoms or side effects immediately.
- Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to conceive, or breastfeeding.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially at the start of treatment or when changing dose. Use caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how Cavazide affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Follow a low-sodium diet and limit fluid intake as advised by your doctor.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
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