Ceftriaid
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
Various manufacturers worldwide
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ceftriaid 2 gm injection | ৳ 490.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including severe ones such as meningitis, sepsis, and complicated urinary tract infections. It is administered via injection.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usual adult dose is 1-2 gm once daily (every 24 hours) via IM or IV administration. In severe infections, the dose may be increased to 4 gm once daily.
Elderly
No dosage adjustment is generally required in elderly patients unless there is severe renal or hepatic impairment. Monitoring of renal and hepatic function is advised.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment needed for mild to moderate renal impairment. For severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min), maximum dose should not exceed 2 gm daily. Careful monitoring is recommended.
How to Take
Administered by a healthcare professional as an intramuscular injection, or as an intravenous infusion or bolus. For IM administration, inject deeply into a large muscle (e.g., gluteus maximus). For IV administration, infuse slowly over 30 minutes for infusion or over 2-4 minutes for bolus.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. It is bactericidal.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, with peak plasma concentrations achieved shortly after administration.
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% excreted unchanged in urine, and 40-50% excreted via bile and feces.
Half life
Approximately 6 to 9 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration. Bioavailability is 100%.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; primarily converted into inactive metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract, especially by the gut flora.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or penicillins (due to potential cross-reactivity)
- Neonates (especially premature) with hyperbilirubinemia or those requiring calcium-containing intravenous solutions due to risk of precipitation
- Patients with severe hepatic impairment without dose adjustment, or those with severe renal and hepatic impairment combined
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Does not affect the tubular secretion of ceftriaxone.
Aminoglycosides
Although generally not clinically significant, there is a theoretical risk of enhanced nephrotoxicity when co-administered. Administer separately.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with calcium-containing IV solutions is contraindicated in neonates due to precipitation risk. In other age groups, a 48-hour washout period is recommended if sequential administration is unavoidable.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May potentially increase serum concentrations of ceftriaxone, though clinical significance is usually minimal.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase the anticoagulant effect, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR/PT is advised.
Storage
Store the dry powder vials at room temperature, below 30°C (86°F). Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children. After reconstitution with the recommended diluent, the solution should be used immediately. If not used immediately, it may be stored for a specific period (e.g., 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours under refrigeration at 2-8°C), depending on the diluent used and manufacturer's instructions.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Ceftriaxone is not effectively removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Gastric lavage and induced emesis are not applicable due to parenteral administration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of fetal harm, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman, and potential effects on the infant (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis) should be monitored.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or penicillins (due to potential cross-reactivity)
- Neonates (especially premature) with hyperbilirubinemia or those requiring calcium-containing intravenous solutions due to risk of precipitation
- Patients with severe hepatic impairment without dose adjustment, or those with severe renal and hepatic impairment combined
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Does not affect the tubular secretion of ceftriaxone.
Aminoglycosides
Although generally not clinically significant, there is a theoretical risk of enhanced nephrotoxicity when co-administered. Administer separately.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with calcium-containing IV solutions is contraindicated in neonates due to precipitation risk. In other age groups, a 48-hour washout period is recommended if sequential administration is unavoidable.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May potentially increase serum concentrations of ceftriaxone, though clinical significance is usually minimal.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase the anticoagulant effect, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR/PT is advised.
Storage
Store the dry powder vials at room temperature, below 30°C (86°F). Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children. After reconstitution with the recommended diluent, the solution should be used immediately. If not used immediately, it may be stored for a specific period (e.g., 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours under refrigeration at 2-8°C), depending on the diluent used and manufacturer's instructions.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Ceftriaxone is not effectively removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Gastric lavage and induced emesis are not applicable due to parenteral administration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of fetal harm, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman, and potential effects on the infant (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis) should be monitored.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from the manufacturing date when stored under recommended conditions. Refer to the specific product's packaging for exact expiry details.
Availability
Available in hospitals and retail pharmacies with a prescription
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, EMA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has an extensive history of use and efficacy supported by numerous clinical trials across various indications. These trials have established its role as a key antibiotic in treating a wide range of bacterial infections and in surgical prophylaxis.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential for prolonged treatment or in patients with impaired hematologic function.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin) periodically.
- Renal function tests (serum creatinine, BUN) if renal impairment is suspected or in elderly patients.
- Coagulation tests (e.g., PT/INR) if concomitant anticoagulant therapy or bleeding diathesis is present.
Doctor Notes
- Confirm bacterial susceptibility before initiating therapy, if possible, to guide appropriate antibiotic selection.
- Educate patients about the potential for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and advise them to seek medical attention if severe or persistent diarrhea occurs.
- Be vigilant for hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, especially in patients with a history of penicillin allergy.
- Strictly avoid co-administration of Ceftriaxone with calcium-containing intravenous products, particularly in neonates, due to the risk of fatal precipitation.
Patient Guidelines
- It is crucial to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
- Do not share this medicine with others, as it is prescribed specifically for your condition.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects, especially diarrhea that is watery or bloody, immediately to your healthcare provider.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, contact your doctor or nurse for advice on when to receive the next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone is not known to directly impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness, fatigue, or any other side effect that could affect concentration, it is advisable to avoid these activities until you are sure you can perform them safely.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration throughout the treatment period to help kidney function.
- Follow a balanced diet and avoid excessive alcohol consumption as advised by your healthcare provider.
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