Cephid
Generic Name
Cephalexin
Manufacturer
Hypothetical Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cephid 500 mg capsule | ৳ 12.50 | ৳ 50.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cephid 500 mg Capsule contains Cephalexin, a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dose is 250 mg every 6 hours. For more severe infections or those caused by less susceptible organisms, 500 mg every 6 hours may be required. Total daily dose should not exceed 4 g.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is needed for elderly patients with normal renal function. Dosage should be adjusted for age-related decline in renal function.
Renal_impairment
For patients with severely impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 10 mL/min), the total daily dose should be reduced. For example, 250 mg every 8-12 hours.
How to Take
Take Cephid 500 mg Capsule orally with a glass of water, with or without food. It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve.
Mechanism of Action
Cephalexin is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis, thereby inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Approximately 1 hour after oral administration.
Excretion
Approximately 75% to 100% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion within 6-12 hours.
Half life
The plasma elimination half-life is approximately 0.5 to 1.2 hours in individuals with normal renal function, increasing in renal impairment.
Absorption
Cephalexin is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, even in the presence of food. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1 hour.
Metabolism
Cephalexin is not significantly metabolized in the liver.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Metformin
Cephalexin may increase plasma concentrations of metformin. Monitor blood glucose levels.
Probenecid
Probenecid may decrease the renal excretion of cephalexin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma concentrations of cephalexin.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
Cephalosporins may occasionally potentiate the anticoagulant effect of oral anticoagulants. Monitor INR/PT.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Management involves general supportive measures. Gastric lavage may be indicated. Hemodialysis may be useful in accelerating the removal of Cephalexin from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown adverse effects on the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cephalexin is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Metformin
Cephalexin may increase plasma concentrations of metformin. Monitor blood glucose levels.
Probenecid
Probenecid may decrease the renal excretion of cephalexin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma concentrations of cephalexin.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
Cephalosporins may occasionally potentiate the anticoagulant effect of oral anticoagulants. Monitor INR/PT.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Management involves general supportive measures. Gastric lavage may be indicated. Hemodialysis may be useful in accelerating the removal of Cephalexin from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown adverse effects on the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cephalexin is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA/FDA
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cephalexin has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in treating a wide range of bacterial infections. Studies consistently show high success rates when used for susceptible organisms.
Lab Monitoring
- Periodically monitor renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN) in patients with impaired renal function or during prolonged therapy.
- Monitor complete blood count (CBC) in patients receiving prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to prevent recurrence and resistance.
- Caution in patients with a history of penicillin allergy, though cross-reactivity is generally low for first-generation cephalosporins.
- Advise patients to report any signs of C. difficile infection (e.g., severe, persistent diarrhea).
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine for the full prescribed duration, even if symptoms improve.
- Do not share your medicine with others.
- Inform your doctor about any unusual or severe side effects.
- Avoid alcohol while on this medication, as it may exacerbate side effects.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Cephalexin is generally not expected to impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or other side effects that could affect concentration, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Follow a healthy diet to support your immune system.
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