Adults

Adults typically use tablet form; consult specific dosage guidelines for suspension if prescribed (e.g., for severe infections or difficulty swallowing tablets). Usual oral dose for adults: 250-750 mg twice daily depending on the infection.

Elderly

Dosage adjustment may be necessary based on renal function. Generally, lower doses or extended intervals may be appropriate.

Renal_impairment

Dosage should be adjusted based on creatinine clearance (CrCl). For CrCl < 30 mL/min, administer half the usual dose.

Onset

Onset of action typically within 0.5-2 hours, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1-2 hours.

Excretion

Primarily excreted renally (50-70% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent via the fecal route (15-30%).

Half life

Plasma half-life is approximately 3-5 hours.

Absorption

Rapidly and well absorbed orally, bioavailability is about 70%. Food may delay absorption but does not significantly affect the extent.

Metabolism

Partially metabolized in the liver to four active metabolites (desethyleneciprofloxacin, sulphociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and formylciprofloxacin).

Methotrexate

Increased plasma levels of Methotrexate, potentially leading to toxicity.

Theophylline

Increased plasma levels of Theophylline, leading to toxicity.

Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)

Increased anticoagulant effect, requiring INR monitoring.

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)

Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.

Antacids containing Magnesium/Aluminum, Sucralfate, Iron/Zinc supplements

Decreased absorption of Ciprofloxacin; administer Ciprofloxacin 2-4 hours before or 4-6 hours after these agents.