Cortisol
Generic Name
Hydrocortisone Suspension
Manufacturer
Multiple manufacturers (Generic)
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cortisol 1 suspension | ৳ 100.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid hormone, the pharmaceutical equivalent of cortisol. It is used to treat a wide range of conditions, including inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and adrenal insufficiency, due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Highly variable depending on the condition and route of administration, ranging from 20 mg daily for adrenal insufficiency to higher doses for acute severe conditions. Oral suspension doses typically adjusted based on clinical response.
Elderly
Lower doses may be considered due to potential reduced renal/hepatic function and increased susceptibility to adverse effects.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment typically required, but monitor for fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances.
How to Take
Oral suspension: Shake well before use. Administer with a measuring device. For injectable suspensions, administer by qualified healthcare professional via intramuscular or intra-articular routes. Rectal suspension is administered as an enema.
Mechanism of Action
Hydrocortisone binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus and regulates the transcription of various genes. This leads to reduced inflammation, immune suppression, and metabolic effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within hours for systemic effects; faster for IV, slower for IM/intra-articular suspensions.
Excretion
Excreted primarily in the urine as metabolites.
Half life
Plasma half-life is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours, but biological half-life is longer (8-12 hours) due to cellular binding.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. Bioavailability varies but is generally high. Absorption from suspension formulations depends on the route (e.g., IM, intra-articular).
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Systemic fungal infections
- Known hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component
- Live virus vaccines during immunosuppressive doses
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.
Warfarin
May enhance or decrease anticoagulant effects; monitor INR.
Diuretics (thiazide, loop)
Increased risk of hypokalemia.
CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin)
May decrease hydrocortisone levels and effects.
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, ritonavir)
May increase hydrocortisone levels and effects.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20°C to 25°C), away from moisture and direct light. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Acute overdose is rare. Chronic overdose can lead to signs of Cushing's syndrome (e.g., moon face, fluid retention, hyperglycemia), electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia), and increased susceptibility to infections. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; gradual withdrawal if long-term high dose.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies potential risk to the fetus. Hydrocortisone is excreted in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Systemic fungal infections
- Known hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component
- Live virus vaccines during immunosuppressive doses
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.
Warfarin
May enhance or decrease anticoagulant effects; monitor INR.
Diuretics (thiazide, loop)
Increased risk of hypokalemia.
CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin)
May decrease hydrocortisone levels and effects.
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, ritonavir)
May increase hydrocortisone levels and effects.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20°C to 25°C), away from moisture and direct light. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Acute overdose is rare. Chronic overdose can lead to signs of Cushing's syndrome (e.g., moon face, fluid retention, hyperglycemia), electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia), and increased susceptibility to infections. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; gradual withdrawal if long-term high dose.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies potential risk to the fetus. Hydrocortisone is excreted in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years when unopened; typically 28 days after first opening (check specific product label).
Availability
Available worldwide in various formulations
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, EMA)
Patent Status
Off-patent (generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Hydrocortisone has undergone extensive clinical trials over decades, establishing its efficacy and safety for various indications. Ongoing research explores new formulations and extended uses.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood glucose levels
- Electrolyte levels (especially potassium)
- Blood pressure
- Bone mineral density (for long-term use)
- Growth in children
- Adrenal function (after withdrawal)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize gradual tapering of dose to avoid adrenal crisis.
- Counsel patients on potential adverse effects, especially long-term ones like osteoporosis and increased infection risk.
- Advise patients to report unusual symptoms, including mood changes or signs of infection.
- Recommend calcium and Vitamin D supplementation for long-term users.
- Ensure patients understand the proper administration technique for suspension formulations (e.g., shaking well, using measuring device).
Patient Guidelines
- Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not stop taking this medication abruptly, especially after long-term use, as it may lead to adrenal crisis. Taper dose under medical supervision.
- Report any unusual or severe side effects to your doctor.
- Carry an identification card stating corticosteroid use, especially during emergencies.
- Avoid exposure to infections, especially chickenpox or measles, if immunocompromised.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Generally safe to drive. However, if you experience dizziness, visual disturbances, or significant mood changes, avoid driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D to support bone health.
- Engage in regular weight-bearing exercise, if appropriate, to help prevent osteoporosis.
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Manage stress effectively.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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