Medicine Information

Cortisol

Name: Cortisol
Brand: Cortisol

Tablet5 mgCorticosteroidsATC: H02AB02

Generic Name

Hydrocortisone

Manufacturer

Generic Pharma Inc.

Country

Global

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Price Details

Current market pricing information

Variant	Unit Price	Strip Price
cortisol 5 mg tablet	৳ 1.70	৳ 17.00

Description

Overview of the medicine

Cortisol 5 mg tablet contains hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid hormone used to treat a variety of conditions, including inflammation, allergies, adrenal insufficiency, and certain cancers. It works by decreasing inflammation and suppressing the immune system.

Uses & Indications

Adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)

Allergic reactions

Inflammatory conditions (e.g., arthritis, asthma, skin conditions)

Rheumatic disorders

Certain neoplastic diseases

Dosage

Adults

Initial dose typically 20-240 mg daily in divided doses, adjusted based on response. For adrenal insufficiency, 20-30 mg daily in divided doses.

Elderly

May require lower doses due to increased sensitivity and potential for side effects. Monitor closely.

Renal_impairment

No specific dose adjustment generally needed, but monitor carefully.

How to Take

Oral. Should be taken with food or milk to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Doses are often divided throughout the day.

Mechanism of Action

Hydrocortisone acts as a glucocorticoid, binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors. This complex then translocates to the nucleus, where it modulates gene expression, leading to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators and suppresses the function of various immune cells.

Pharmacokinetics

Onset

Varies depending on route and condition, typically within hours for oral administration.

Excretion

Excreted mainly in the urine as inactive metabolites.

Half life

Plasma half-life is approximately 1.5-2 hours, but biological half-life is 8-12 hours due to tissue binding.

Absorption

Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.

Metabolism

Primarily metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites.

Side Effects

Contraindications

Systemic fungal infections
Known hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component
Live virus vaccines (when on immunosuppressive doses)

Drug Interactions

NSAIDs

Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.

Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics

May increase blood glucose levels, requiring dose adjustment of antidiabetic agents.

Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)

May alter anticoagulant effects; monitor INR.

Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Rifampin

May decrease corticosteroid levels due to increased metabolism.

Diuretics (e.g., Thiazides, Loop diuretics)

Enhanced potassium depletion.

Storage

Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Overdose

Acute overdose is rare. Symptoms may include fluid retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and psychiatric disturbances. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Chronic overdose leads to Cushing's syndrome.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit outweighs potential risk to the fetus. Small amounts excreted in breast milk; advise caution during lactation and monitor infant.

Side Effects

Contraindications

Systemic fungal infections
Known hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component
Live virus vaccines (when on immunosuppressive doses)

Drug Interactions

NSAIDs

Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.

Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics

May increase blood glucose levels, requiring dose adjustment of antidiabetic agents.

Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)

May alter anticoagulant effects; monitor INR.

Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Rifampin

May decrease corticosteroid levels due to increased metabolism.

Diuretics (e.g., Thiazides, Loop diuretics)

Enhanced potassium depletion.

Storage

Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Overdose

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit outweighs potential risk to the fetus. Small amounts excreted in breast milk; advise caution during lactation and monitor infant.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about this medicine

Pack Sizes

10 tablets30 tablets100 tablets

Shelf Life

24 to 36 months from manufacturing date.

Availability

Pharmacies, Hospitals

Approval Status

Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, EMA)

Patent Status

Expired, generic available

WHO Essential Medicine

Yes

Clinical Trials

Extensively studied in numerous clinical trials for its various indications since its discovery. Ongoing trials focus on optimizing dosing and exploring new applications.

Lab Monitoring

Blood glucose
Electrolyte levels (especially potassium)
Blood pressure
Bone mineral density (long-term use)
Growth in children

Doctor Notes

Crucial to taper dose gradually to avoid adrenal crisis.
Monitor patients for signs of infection, especially on higher doses.
Consider bone protective therapy for long-term use.
Assess cardiovascular risk factors.

Patient Guidelines

Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly without consulting your doctor.
Take with food or milk to prevent stomach upset.
Report any unusual side effects or signs of infection.
Avoid close contact with people who have infections like chickenpox or measles.

Missed Dose Advice

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose.

Driving Precautions

Corticosteroids generally do not impair ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience side effects like dizziness or vision changes, avoid driving.