Adults

Dosage is individualized based on patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid/caloric needs. Typically, 500 mL to 1000 mL per 24 hours via slow intravenous infusion, at a rate not exceeding 0.5 g/kg/hour (or 10 mL/kg/hour of 5% Dextrose).

Elderly

Similar to adults, but with caution regarding fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances, especially in patients with cardiac or renal impairment.

Renal_impairment

Use with caution and monitor fluid and electrolyte balance closely. Lower infusion rates may be required to prevent fluid overload.

Onset

Immediate

Excretion

Water and CO2 are excreted through kidneys and lungs, respectively.

Half life

Depends on the rate of metabolism and utilization by the body, typically rapidly cleared.

Absorption

Administered intravenously, hence 100% bioavailable immediately.

Metabolism

Metabolized to carbon dioxide and water via the glycolytic pathway and Krebs cycle, producing energy.

Insulin

Dextrose infusion may reduce insulin requirements in diabetic patients. Close monitoring is needed.

Corticosteroids

May increase blood glucose levels, requiring adjustment of dextrose infusion rate.