Kacin
Generic Name
Kanamycin 250 mg Injection
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| kacin 250 mg injection | ৳ 30.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various severe bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria and as a second-line drug for tuberculosis.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For most infections, 15 mg/kg/day in 2-3 equally divided doses, administered intramuscularly or intravenously (over 30-60 minutes). Maximum daily dose should not exceed 1.5 g.
Elderly
Dosage adjustments are often necessary due to age-related decline in renal function. Initial doses may be lower, and careful monitoring of renal function and serum levels is crucial.
Renal_impairment
Significant dose reduction is required. Dosage intervals and/or amounts must be adjusted based on creatinine clearance. Therapeutic drug monitoring (serum levels) is essential.
How to Take
Administered by deep intramuscular injection or by slow intravenous infusion (over 30-60 minutes) after dilution. It should not be administered rapidly intravenously.
Mechanism of Action
Kanamycin binds irreversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis and leading to the production of non-functional proteins, ultimately causing bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid after intravenous or intramuscular administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged by glomerular filtration in the urine. Small amounts may be excreted in bile.
Half life
Approximately 2-4 hours in adults with normal renal function, but significantly prolonged in patients with renal impairment.
Absorption
Poorly absorbed orally; administered parenterally (intramuscular or intravenous) for systemic effect. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1 hour after intramuscular administration.
Metabolism
Kanamycin is not significantly metabolized in the body.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to kanamycin or any other aminoglycoside antibiotics
- •Patients with pre-existing hearing impairment
- •Myasthenia gravis
Drug Interactions
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid)
Increased risk of ototoxicity due to enhanced accumulation in the endolymph.
Polymyxins, Neomycin (oral), Bacitracin (parenteral)
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Neuromuscular Blockers (e.g., Succinylcholine, Vecuronium)
Potentiation of neuromuscular blockade, potentially leading to respiratory depression or paralysis.
Other Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., Amphotericin B, Cisplatin, Vancomycin, Cephalosporins, Cyclosporine)
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F), protected from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade leading to respiratory paralysis. Management involves supportive care, ensuring adequate hydration, and monitoring renal and auditory function. Hemodialysis can be effective in removing kanamycin from the blood, especially in cases of severe overdose or renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Kanamycin can cause fetal harm (e.g., ototoxicity, particularly affecting auditory function). It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Kanamycin is excreted in breast milk; therefore, caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother, and infants should be monitored for potential adverse effects.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the manufacturing date when stored under recommended conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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