Moxaclav
Generic Name
Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Injection
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| moxaclav 1 gm injection | ৳ 300.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Moxaclav 1 gm Injection is a combination antibiotic containing amoxicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic, and clavulanate potassium, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections resistant to amoxicillin alone.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
1.2 g (1 g Amoxicillin + 200 mg Clavulanate) every 8 hours by slow intravenous injection or infusion, up to 1.2 g every 6 hours for more severe infections.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment required unless renal impairment is present.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment needed based on creatinine clearance. e.g., CrCl >30 mL/min: no adjustment; CrCl 10-30 mL/min: 1.2 g initial, then 600 mg every 12 hours; CrCl <10 mL/min: 1.2 g initial, then 600 mg every 24 hours. Hemodialysis patients: 1.2 g initial, then 600 mg every 24 hours, with an additional 600 mg at the end of dialysis.
How to Take
Administer by slow intravenous injection over 3-4 minutes directly into a vein or via a drip, or by intravenous infusion over 30-40 minutes. Reconstitute the powder with sterile water for injection according to manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis and death. Clavulanate potassium inactivates beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria, thereby protecting amoxicillin from degradation and extending its antibacterial spectrum.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes of IV administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Both components are eliminated rapidly.
Half life
Amoxicillin: approximately 1-1.5 hours; Clavulanate: approximately 1 hour. Both are slightly prolonged in renal impairment.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed after administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved shortly after IV infusion.
Metabolism
Amoxicillin is partially metabolized to inactive penicilloic acid. Clavulanate is extensively metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of hypersensitivity to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics
- History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy
- Severe renal impairment (without dose adjustment)
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs amoxicillin blood levels by reducing renal tubular secretion.
Allopurinol
May increase the incidence of skin rash.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal clearance of methotrexate.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives (advise additional contraceptive measures).
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time; monitor INR closely.
Storage
Store below 25°C in a dry place, protected from light. Keep reconstituted solution refrigerated (2-8°C) and use within 24 hours.
Overdose
Symptoms may include gastrointestinal upset and fluid/electrolyte imbalance. In severe cases, crystalluria leading to renal failure may occur. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Amoxicillin/clavulanate can be removed from circulation by hemodialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Can be used if clearly needed. Excreted in breast milk in small amounts; generally considered safe, but monitor infant for potential adverse effects like diarrhea or candidiasis.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of hypersensitivity to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics
- History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy
- Severe renal impairment (without dose adjustment)
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs amoxicillin blood levels by reducing renal tubular secretion.
Allopurinol
May increase the incidence of skin rash.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal clearance of methotrexate.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives (advise additional contraceptive measures).
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time; monitor INR closely.
Storage
Store below 25°C in a dry place, protected from light. Keep reconstituted solution refrigerated (2-8°C) and use within 24 hours.
Overdose
Symptoms may include gastrointestinal upset and fluid/electrolyte imbalance. In severe cases, crystalluria leading to renal failure may occur. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Amoxicillin/clavulanate can be removed from circulation by hemodialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Can be used if clearly needed. Excreted in breast milk in small amounts; generally considered safe, but monitor infant for potential adverse effects like diarrhea or candidiasis.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months when stored as directed.
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensively studied and clinically proven for its efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine clearance) in patients with kidney impairment
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) in patients with pre-existing hepatic dysfunction or prolonged therapy
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy
Doctor Notes
- Crucial to ascertain penicillin allergy history before administration.
- Monitor liver and renal function in patients on prolonged therapy.
- Advise patients to complete the entire course of antibiotics to prevent resistance.
Patient Guidelines
- Inform your doctor about any allergies, especially to penicillins or cephalosporins.
- Complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better, to prevent recurrence and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent diarrhea to your doctor.
- Stay well-hydrated during treatment.
Missed Dose Advice
Contact your doctor or nurse immediately if you miss a dose of this injection. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness or headache in some individuals. If affected, avoid driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent further infections.
- Follow a balanced diet.
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