Taxim
Generic Name
taxim-1-gm-injection
Manufacturer
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| taxim 1 gm injection | ৳ 150.44 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefotaxime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose: 1-2 g IV or IM every 8-12 hours. In severe infections, doses up to 2 g every 6-8 hours (maximum 12 g/day).
Elderly
Dosage should be adjusted based on renal function, similar to adult renal impairment guidelines.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance (CrCl) 10-20 mL/min, 1 g every 12 hours. For CrCl < 10 mL/min, 1 g every 24 hours. Hemodialysis patients require a supplementary dose after each dialysis session.
How to Take
For intravenous (IV) administration, reconstitute with sterile water for injection and administer slowly over 3-5 minutes or as an infusion over 20-60 minutes. For intramuscular (IM) administration, reconstitute with sterile water for injection and inject deeply into a large muscle mass.
Mechanism of Action
Cefotaxime exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes after intravenous (IV) administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted by the kidneys (about 50-70% as unchanged drug and metabolites) via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. A small amount is excreted in bile.
Half life
Approximately 1 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved shortly after administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to desacetylcefotaxime, which is also an active metabolite.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefotaxime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases cefotaxime plasma levels and prolongs its duration of action by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Renal function should be monitored.
Oral Anticoagulants
May potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding. INR monitoring is advised.
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May enhance the nephrotoxic effect, especially when co-administered with aminoglycosides.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 25°C (77°F), protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately. If not used immediately, store refrigerated (2-8°C / 36-46°F) for a limited time as per manufacturer's instructions.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Cefotaxime can be removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefotaxime is excreted in small amounts into breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers, as it may affect infant gut flora.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefotaxime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases cefotaxime plasma levels and prolongs its duration of action by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Renal function should be monitored.
Oral Anticoagulants
May potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding. INR monitoring is advised.
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May enhance the nephrotoxic effect, especially when co-administered with aminoglycosides.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 25°C (77°F), protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately. If not used immediately, store refrigerated (2-8°C / 36-46°F) for a limited time as per manufacturer's instructions.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Cefotaxime can be removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefotaxime is excreted in small amounts into breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers, as it may affect infant gut flora.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years for the dry powder when stored correctly. Once reconstituted, solutions have limited stability and should be used promptly (e.g., within 6-24 hours depending on storage conditions).
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cefotaxime has undergone extensive clinical trials since its introduction, demonstrating efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections. Ongoing surveillance studies continue to monitor its effectiveness against emerging resistant strains.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen - BUN), especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP) if therapy is prolonged or liver dysfunction is suspected.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy, as hematologic abnormalities can occur.
Doctor Notes
- Always inquire about patient's history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins before administering.
- Adjust dosage carefully in patients with renal impairment based on creatinine clearance.
- Be vigilant for signs of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), which can occur even weeks after therapy cessation. Discontinue cefotaxime if CDAD is suspected.
- Educate patients on the importance of completing the full course of therapy to prevent resistance and ensure complete eradication of infection.
Patient Guidelines
- It is crucial to complete the entire course of Taxim-1-gm-injection as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve sooner. Stopping early can lead to the return of infection or antibiotic resistance.
- Inform your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing) or persistent diarrhea (especially bloody stools).
- Do not share this medicine with others, as it may not be suitable for their condition and could contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose of Taxim-1-gm-injection is missed, it should be administered as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Taxim-1-gm-injection may cause dizziness or lightheadedness in some individuals. Patients should exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially if experiencing diarrhea.
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent the spread of infections.
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