Taziaid
Generic Name
Metronidazole
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| taziaid 250 mg injection | ৳ 85.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Taziaid 250 mg Injection is an antimicrobial medication containing Metronidazole. It is primarily used to treat various bacterial and parasitic infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically, an initial loading dose of 15 mg/kg IV, followed by 7.5 mg/kg IV every 6 hours for 7-10 days. Or, 500 mg IV every 8 hours. For a 250 mg injection strength, doses may be administered as 250 mg every 6-8 hours or two vials (500mg) as prescribed.
Elderly
Same as adults, but monitor closely for renal/hepatic impairment and potential neurological adverse effects.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment needed for mild to moderate impairment. For severe impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min), consider reducing maintenance dose by 50% or extending interval.
How to Take
Administered intravenously by slow infusion over 30-60 minutes. Do not administer as a rapid bolus. Must be diluted as per product instructions if not pre-diluted.
Mechanism of Action
Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole derivative that works by being reduced intracellularly by susceptible anaerobic organisms. This reduction creates reactive cytotoxic products that bind to DNA, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and leading to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within hours for therapeutic effect.
Excretion
Mainly excreted in urine (60-80%), with a smaller portion in feces (6-15%).
Half life
Approximately 8 hours (range 6-12 hours).
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after intravenous administration. Oral absorption is also good.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver by hydroxylation and glucuronidation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives
- First trimester of pregnancy (relative contraindication, generally avoided)
- Concomitant use with disulfiram (within 2 weeks)
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, flushing, tachycardia). Avoid alcohol during and for at least 3 days after treatment.
Lithium
May increase serum lithium levels, leading to toxicity. Monitor lithium levels.
Warfarin
Potentiates anticoagulant effect, increased risk of bleeding. Monitor INR closely.
Disulfiram
Psychotic reactions have been reported when used concomitantly. Avoid within 2 weeks of disulfiram administration.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, ataxia, and mild disorientation. There is no specific antidote; treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis can help remove metronidazole and its metabolites.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Generally avoided in the first trimester. Use in later trimesters only if clearly needed and benefits outweigh risks. Metronidazole is excreted into breast milk; consider temporary discontinuation of breastfeeding or an alternative drug.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives
- First trimester of pregnancy (relative contraindication, generally avoided)
- Concomitant use with disulfiram (within 2 weeks)
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, flushing, tachycardia). Avoid alcohol during and for at least 3 days after treatment.
Lithium
May increase serum lithium levels, leading to toxicity. Monitor lithium levels.
Warfarin
Potentiates anticoagulant effect, increased risk of bleeding. Monitor INR closely.
Disulfiram
Psychotic reactions have been reported when used concomitantly. Avoid within 2 weeks of disulfiram administration.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, ataxia, and mild disorientation. There is no specific antidote; treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis can help remove metronidazole and its metabolites.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Generally avoided in the first trimester. Use in later trimesters only if clearly needed and benefits outweigh risks. Metronidazole is excreted into breast milk; consider temporary discontinuation of breastfeeding or an alternative drug.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months when stored under recommended conditions, specific to manufacturer's guidelines.
Availability
Hospitals, clinics, pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available (off-patent)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Metronidazole has been extensively studied and validated in numerous clinical trials for its efficacy and safety in treating a wide range of anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections across various patient populations, including critically ill patients.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (for prolonged therapy or hepatic impairment)
- Complete blood count (for prolonged therapy)
- INR (if co-administered with warfarin)
- Electrolytes (if significant fluid loss from diarrhea/vomiting)
Doctor Notes
- Metronidazole remains a cornerstone for anaerobic and protozoal infections. Emphasize stringent patient education on alcohol avoidance to prevent disulfiram-like reactions.
- Monitor for neurological adverse effects, particularly peripheral neuropathy, especially in patients on prolonged courses or with renal/hepatic impairment.
- Consider drug interactions carefully, especially with warfarin, lithium, and disulfiram.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
- Avoid alcohol and alcohol-containing products during and for 3 days after treatment.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects immediately to your healthcare provider.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness, ataxia, or confusion, which can impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Patients should be advised to exercise caution and avoid such activities until they know how the drug affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection, especially for parasitic infections.
- Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, particularly if experiencing gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea or vomiting.
- Follow a balanced diet as advised by your healthcare provider.
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