Tazid
Generic Name
Ceftazidime
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| tazid 1 gm injection | ৳ 240.72 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Tazid 1 gm Injection contains Ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including severe infections in hospitalized patients.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usual adult dose is 1-2 gm IV or IM every 8-12 hours. For severe infections, up to 6 gm daily divided into 2-3 doses. Maximum daily dose is 6 gm.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage should be reduced based on creatinine clearance. For example, in severe impairment (CrCl < 10 mL/min), 0.5 gm every 24-48 hours.
How to Take
Administered intravenously (IV) by slow injection over 3-5 minutes or by intermittent infusion over 20-30 minutes, or intramuscularly (IM) deep into a large muscle mass. The powder should be reconstituted with sterile water for injection or other compatible diluents.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftazidime is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with the transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, usually within minutes of IV administration, or within 1 hour of IM administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys via glomerular filtration.
Half life
Approximately 1.8-2 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after intramuscular (IM) administration; peak plasma concentrations occur within 1 hour. Intravenous (IV) administration provides immediate high plasma concentrations.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftazidime, other cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Does not significantly alter ceftazidime elimination, unlike some other cephalosporins.
Aminoglycosides
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with concomitant use.
Chloramphenicol
Antagonistic effects may occur, avoid concurrent use.
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May increase nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May enhance anticoagulant effect; monitor INR.
Storage
Store the powder for injection at room temperature (below 30°C), protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solution storage depends on diluent; typically stable for 24 hours at 25°C or 7-10 days at 2-8°C.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions, encephalopathy, and neuromuscular excitability. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may aid in the removal of ceftazidime from the body, especially in patients with renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. Ceftazidime is excreted in breast milk in small amounts; use with caution in breastfeeding mothers. Consult a doctor.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftazidime, other cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Does not significantly alter ceftazidime elimination, unlike some other cephalosporins.
Aminoglycosides
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with concomitant use.
Chloramphenicol
Antagonistic effects may occur, avoid concurrent use.
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May increase nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May enhance anticoagulant effect; monitor INR.
Storage
Store the powder for injection at room temperature (below 30°C), protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solution storage depends on diluent; typically stable for 24 hours at 25°C or 7-10 days at 2-8°C.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions, encephalopathy, and neuromuscular excitability. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may aid in the removal of ceftazidime from the body, especially in patients with renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. Ceftazidime is excreted in breast milk in small amounts; use with caution in breastfeeding mothers. Consult a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years for unreconstituted powder. Reconstituted solution has a shorter shelf life, usually 24 hours at room temperature or 7-10 days refrigerated, depending on diluent.
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved (Bangladesh DGDA)
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftazidime has undergone numerous clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections. Ongoing research may explore new indications or resistance patterns.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (BUN, creatinine) regularly, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged therapy.
- Liver function tests (AST, ALT) periodically.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged treatment.
Doctor Notes
- Consider patient's renal function and adjust dose accordingly.
- Monitor for signs of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) during and after treatment.
- Cross-reactivity with penicillin allergy is rare but possible; use with caution in patients with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity.
Patient Guidelines
- Inform your doctor about any allergies, especially to antibiotics.
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if you feel better, to prevent recurrence and development of resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects to your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up. Contact your doctor or nurse for advice.
Driving Precautions
Ceftazidime is not known to impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness occur, patients should avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration during treatment.
- Avoid self-medication with antibiotics.
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