Tazid
Generic Name
Ceftazidime
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| tazid 500 mg injection | ৳ 130.39 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Tazid 500 mg Injection contains Ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat a wide range of severe bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is administered parenterally.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Adults: 1-6 g/day in 2-3 divided doses, typically 1 g IV/IM every 8-12 hours. For severe infections, 2 g IV every 8 hours may be required. Maximum daily dose is 6 g.
Elderly
Dosage reduction may be necessary in elderly patients, especially if renal function is impaired. Refer to renal impairment guidelines.
Renal_impairment
Dosage must be significantly reduced based on creatinine clearance (e.g., for CrCl 31-50 mL/min: 1 g every 12 hours; for CrCl 16-30 mL/min: 1 g every 24 hours; for CrCl 6-15 mL/min: 0.5 g every 24 hours; for CrCl < 5 mL/min: 0.5 g every 48 hours or after hemodialysis).
How to Take
Tazid 500 mg is for intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration only after reconstitution with appropriate diluent (e.g., Water for Injection). It should be administered slowly over 3-5 minutes for IV bolus or infused over 20-30 minutes.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftazidime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cell wall, leading to interference with peptidoglycan synthesis, resulting in bacterial cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes of intravenous administration.
Excretion
Mainly renal excretion via glomerular filtration. Approximately 80-90% of the dose is excreted unchanged in urine within 24 hours.
Half life
Approximately 1.8 to 2 hours in individuals with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1 hour after IM injection.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent administration with aminoglycosides may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Monitor renal function closely.
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol is antagonistic to ceftazidime in vitro; clinical significance is usually minimal but co-administration should be avoided if possible.
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
High doses of loop diuretics may enhance the nephrotoxic potential of cephalosporins, though this is less common with ceftazidime.
Storage
Store the unopened vial below 25°C (77°F) in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and used within their specified stability period.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions, encephalopathy, asterixis, and neuromuscular excitability. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may be beneficial in aiding removal of the drug from the system in cases of severe overdose or renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. However, use during pregnancy should only be if clearly needed. Ceftazidime is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; use with caution in breastfeeding mothers, weighing potential benefits against risks.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent administration with aminoglycosides may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Monitor renal function closely.
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol is antagonistic to ceftazidime in vitro; clinical significance is usually minimal but co-administration should be avoided if possible.
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
High doses of loop diuretics may enhance the nephrotoxic potential of cephalosporins, though this is less common with ceftazidime.
Storage
Store the unopened vial below 25°C (77°F) in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and used within their specified stability period.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions, encephalopathy, asterixis, and neuromuscular excitability. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may be beneficial in aiding removal of the drug from the system in cases of severe overdose or renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. However, use during pregnancy should only be if clearly needed. Ceftazidime is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; use with caution in breastfeeding mothers, weighing potential benefits against risks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from manufacturing date when stored correctly. Reconstituted solution generally stable for 18-24 hours at room temperature or up to 7 days when refrigerated.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftazidime has undergone extensive clinical trials since its development, demonstrating its efficacy and safety in treating a wide range of susceptible bacterial infections across various patient populations, leading to its widespread approval and use globally.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen - BUN) should be monitored, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged high-dose therapy.
- Complete blood count (CBC) to monitor for hematologic abnormalities.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) if prolonged treatment is anticipated.
Doctor Notes
- Always perform culture and susceptibility tests prior to initiating therapy to confirm the causative organism's susceptibility to ceftazidime.
- Adjust dosage carefully in patients with renal impairment based on creatinine clearance to prevent accumulation and potential adverse effects.
- Be aware of the potential for cross-reactivity in patients with a history of penicillin allergy, though it is less common with third-generation cephalosporins. Observe for allergic reactions.
- Monitor for signs of superinfection, especially with prolonged use.
Patient Guidelines
- It is crucial to complete the entire prescribed course of Tazid injection, even if symptoms improve earlier, to prevent recurrence and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Report any signs of severe allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling of face/throat, severe dizziness, trouble breathing) immediately to a healthcare provider.
- Inform your doctor or pharmacist about all other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, before starting treatment.
- Do not save unused portions of the reconstituted solution for later use.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, it should be administered as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
This medicine may cause dizziness in some patients. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they are aware of how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to help prevent new infections while on antibiotic therapy.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid self-medication and only use antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
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