Unicontin
Generic Name
Theophylline
Manufacturer
Mundipharma
Country
Switzerland
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| unicontin 200 mg tablet | ৳ 3.31 | ৳ 33.10 |
| unicontin 400 mg tablet | ৳ 6.30 | ৳ 63.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Unicontin (Theophylline) is a bronchodilator used to prevent and treat symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways to improve breathing.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial dose typically 200 mg once or twice daily, adjusted based on clinical response and serum theophylline levels (therapeutic range 10-20 mcg/mL). Maximum dose usually 400 mg twice daily. Always start with a low dose and titrate slowly.
Elderly
Lower initial doses may be required, careful monitoring of serum levels and side effects is crucial due to decreased clearance.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment for renal impairment as theophylline is primarily metabolized by the liver, but monitoring is advised if severe.
How to Take
Administer orally, with or without food. Tablets should be swallowed whole, not crushed, chewed, or divided, to maintain the extended-release properties.
Mechanism of Action
Theophylline's primary mechanism of action is non-selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE), leading to increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). This results in smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchi. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist and may have anti-inflammatory effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Delayed for ER formulations (several hours to reach peak plasma levels), but sustained effect.
Excretion
Primarily renal, with approximately 10% excreted unchanged in urine for adults.
Half life
Highly variable; 7-9 hours in non-smokers, 4-5 hours in smokers, 20-30 hours in patients with liver impairment or CHF. (Adults)
Absorption
Well absorbed orally. Extended-release formulations provide sustained absorption over 12-24 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily hepatic, by cytochrome P450 enzymes (mainly CYP1A2) into inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to theophylline or any component of the formulation
- •Acute myocardial infarction
- •Severe uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias
- •Active peptic ulcer disease (relative contraindication)
Drug Interactions
Beta-agonists, Corticosteroids
Additive bronchodilation, but potential for increased cardiac side effects.
Phenobarbital, Rifampicin, Carbamazepine
Decrease theophylline levels by inducing its metabolism, leading to reduced efficacy.
Cimetidine, Erythromycin, Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Ciprofloxacin)
Increase theophylline levels by inhibiting its metabolism, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include severe nausea, vomiting, persistent headache, insomnia, irritability, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and seizures. Management involves discontinuing the drug, activated charcoal, IV fluids, and symptomatic treatment. Hemoperfusion or hemodialysis may be necessary in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Theophylline crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. Use during pregnancy and lactation only if clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Monitor newborn for signs of toxicity. Consult doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years (check specific packaging for exact expiry)
Availability
Widely available in pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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