Visral
Generic Name
Hydroxyzine
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| visral 10 mg syrup | ৳ 55.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Hydroxyzine is an antihistamine used to treat itching caused by allergic reactions, and as a sedative for anxiety. It belongs to the first-generation antihistamines.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For Pruritus: 25 mg (12.5 ml) 3-4 times daily. For Anxiety: 50-100 mg (25-50 ml) daily in divided doses. For Sedation: 50-100 mg (25-50 ml) single dose.
Elderly
Start with lower doses, e.g., 10 mg (5 ml) 3-4 times daily, due to increased susceptibility to side effects.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction may be necessary; consult a physician for appropriate adjustment.
How to Take
For oral use. Can be taken with or without food. Use a measuring device for accurate dosage.
Mechanism of Action
Hydroxyzine acts as an H1 receptor antagonist, blocking the effects of histamine. It also has central nervous system depressant activity, leading to sedative and anxiolytic effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
15-30 minutes
Excretion
Primarily renal, with about 25% excreted unchanged.
Half life
3-20 hours (highly variable, longer in elderly and renally impaired patients)
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma levels usually occur within 2 hours.
Metabolism
Hepatic, primarily by alcohol dehydrogenase to its active metabolite, cetirizine.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, or any components of the formulation.
- Early pregnancy (first trimester).
- Known acquired or congenital QT interval prolongation.
- Porphyria.
Drug Interactions
Anticholinergic drugs
Additive anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, urinary retention).
CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids)
Increased sedation and CNS depression.
QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., antiarrhythmics, some antipsychotics, antibiotics)
Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including Torsades de Pointes.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include excessive sedation, stupor, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, fever, and hallucinations. Severe overdose may lead to coma, respiratory depression, and seizures. Management is supportive, including gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and symptomatic treatment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Contraindicated in early pregnancy. Consult a doctor before use in later pregnancy or during lactation, as hydroxyzine and its metabolites can be excreted in breast milk.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, or any components of the formulation.
- Early pregnancy (first trimester).
- Known acquired or congenital QT interval prolongation.
- Porphyria.
Drug Interactions
Anticholinergic drugs
Additive anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, urinary retention).
CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids)
Increased sedation and CNS depression.
QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., antiarrhythmics, some antipsychotics, antibiotics)
Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including Torsades de Pointes.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include excessive sedation, stupor, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, fever, and hallucinations. Severe overdose may lead to coma, respiratory depression, and seizures. Management is supportive, including gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and symptomatic treatment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Contraindicated in early pregnancy. Consult a doctor before use in later pregnancy or during lactation, as hydroxyzine and its metabolites can be excreted in breast milk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available, Patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Hydroxyzine has been widely studied in numerous clinical trials for its efficacy in treating anxiety, pruritus, and as a sedative. Research continues to refine its use, particularly concerning QT prolongation.
Lab Monitoring
- Regular ECG monitoring is recommended in patients with cardiac risk factors or concomitant use of QT-prolonging drugs.
- Liver and renal function tests may be considered in prolonged therapy or in patients with impaired organ function.
Doctor Notes
- Caution should be exercised in elderly patients due to increased susceptibility to anticholinergic side effects and CNS depression.
- Monitor for QT prolongation, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions or those on concomitant QT-prolonging medications.
- Advise patients about potential for drowsiness and avoidance of activities requiring mental alertness.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not drive or operate heavy machinery if you experience drowsiness or impaired judgment.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.
- Report any unusual or severe side effects to your healthcare provider immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
This medicine can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision, which may impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Avoid such activities until you know how this medicine affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Ensure adequate hydration to help manage dry mouth.
- Practice stress-reduction techniques if using for anxiety.
- Avoid activities requiring mental alertness immediately after taking the medicine.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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