Xetril
Generic Name
Alprazolam 1 mg tablet
Manufacturer
A Local Pharmaceutical Company
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xetril 1 mg tablet | ৳ 8.00 | ৳ 80.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders and panic disorder. It works by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Anxiety disorders: Initially 0.25-0.5 mg orally three times daily. Max 4 mg/day. Panic disorder: Initially 0.5 mg orally three times daily. Max 10 mg/day.
Elderly
Initially 0.25 mg orally two or three times daily. Titrate slowly based on response and tolerability.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution. Dosage adjustment may be necessary in severe impairment. Start with lower doses.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. Swallow tablets whole; do not crush, chew, or break them, especially extended-release forms. Do not discontinue abruptly.
Mechanism of Action
Alprazolam binds to specific benzodiazepine receptors on the GABA-A receptor complex, thereby enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the central nervous system. This results in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Approximately 15-30 minutes.
Excretion
Excreted primarily in the urine as metabolites.
Half life
11-15 hours in healthy adults; can be longer in the elderly or those with hepatic impairment.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme system to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines
- •Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- •Concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole)
Drug Interactions
Opioids
Increased risk of respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death.
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluvoxamine)
Can significantly increase alprazolam plasma concentrations, potentially leading to increased sedation and other adverse effects.
CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, other sedatives, hypnotics, antidepressants)
Additive CNS depressant effects, leading to increased sedation, respiratory depression, and cognitive impairment.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. Management involves supportive care, maintaining a patent airway, and monitoring vital signs. Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, may be used with caution, but it can precipitate acute withdrawal in dependent patients.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: May cause fetal harm. Not recommended during pregnancy. Excreted into breast milk; avoid use during lactation due to potential for sedation and feeding difficulties in the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2 to 3 years from the date of manufacture, depending on manufacturer specifications.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available (patent expired)
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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