Xirocip
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xirocip 250 mg suspension | ৳ 90.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, bone, joint, and gastrointestinal tract.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Dosage varies by infection type and severity. For susceptible infections, typically 250-750 mg orally twice daily. For suspension, dosage is based on pediatric recommendations or specific adult liquid formulations.
Elderly
Dose adjustment may be required based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance ≤ 30 mL/min).
How to Take
Administer orally with or without food. Avoid dairy products or calcium-fortified juices within 2 hours of taking. Shake the suspension well before each use. Do not chew the suspension.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours for peak plasma concentration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted renally via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with some fecal excretion.
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is approximately 70-80%.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to four active metabolites (desethyleneciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and N-formylciprofloxacin).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Concomitant use with Tizanidine
- Patients with a history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effect, leading to bleeding risk.
Theophylline
Increased theophylline levels, leading to toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture.
Antacids (Mg, Al, Ca), Iron, Zinc
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin.
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsions.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Adequate hydration should be maintained. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Generally avoided during pregnancy and lactation due to potential risks to the fetus/infant. Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Concomitant use with Tizanidine
- Patients with a history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effect, leading to bleeding risk.
Theophylline
Increased theophylline levels, leading to toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinopathy and tendon rupture.
Antacids (Mg, Al, Ca), Iron, Zinc
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin.
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsions.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Adequate hydration should be maintained. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Generally avoided during pregnancy and lactation due to potential risks to the fetus/infant. Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 months for unopened bottles. Once reconstituted, typically 14 days when stored properly at room temperature.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections since its introduction. Ongoing research continues to explore new applications, resistance patterns, and optimal dosing strategies.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests
- Liver function tests
- Complete blood count
- Prothrombin time (if on warfarin)
- Blood glucose (in diabetic patients)
Doctor Notes
- Counsel patients about the black box warnings, especially regarding tendinopathy and neurological adverse events.
- Advise patients to report any unusual pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness immediately.
- Monitor renal function in elderly patients and those with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Consider potential drug interactions, especially with warfarin, theophylline, and antacids.
- Avoid prescribing to patients with a history of myasthenia gravis or a history of QT prolongation.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve.
- Avoid excessive exposure to direct sunlight or artificial UV light.
- Report any joint pain, swelling, or tendon rupture symptoms immediately.
- Do not take with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices.
- Shake the suspension well before each use.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol, as it may worsen some side effects like dizziness.
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor.
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