Xirocip
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Cipla Ltd. (example)
Country
India (example)
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xirocip 500 mg tablet | ৳ 14.04 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Xirocip 500 mg Tablet is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, soft tissues, bones, joints, and infectious diarrhea. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Dosage varies depending on the type and severity of infection. Common doses range from 250 mg to 750 mg orally twice daily for 5-14 days. For complicated UTIs, 500 mg twice daily for 7-14 days. For infectious diarrhea, 500 mg twice daily for 3-5 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is needed based solely on age, but dose should be adjusted based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 30-60 mL/min: Administer usual dose once daily or half the usual dose twice daily. For creatinine clearance <30 mL/min: Administer half the usual dose once daily.
How to Take
Take Xirocip 500 mg Tablet orally, with or without food. Do not chew or crush the tablet; swallow it whole with a glass of water. Avoid taking it with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices, as these can reduce absorption. Also, allow at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, or iron/zinc supplements.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exerts its bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to DNA damage and bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Antibacterial effect typically observed within 1-2 hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged via the kidneys (50-70% of oral dose within 24 hours). Also excreted in faeces (15%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1-2 hours post-dose. Bioavailability is approximately 70-80%.
Metabolism
Undergoes limited hepatic metabolism (10-20%) to several less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with Tizanidine.
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and seizures when co-administered with ciprofloxacin.
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor INR.
Tizanidine
Significantly increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and somnolence. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Mineral Supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, reversible renal toxicity has been reported. Management includes emptying the stomach by inducing emesis or gastric lavage, and supportive care. Maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis removes only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk; therefore, due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with Tizanidine.
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and seizures when co-administered with ciprofloxacin.
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor INR.
Tizanidine
Significantly increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and somnolence. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Mineral Supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, reversible renal toxicity has been reported. Management includes emptying the stomach by inducing emesis or gastric lavage, and supportive care. Maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis removes only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk; therefore, due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2 to 3 years from the date of manufacture, depending on storage conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA)
Patent Status
Generic available (patent expired)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance and studies continue to monitor its long-term effects and resistance patterns.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) if impaired renal function is suspected or during prolonged therapy.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase) if hepatic impairment is suspected.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) in patients on prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Educate patients about the black box warnings (tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects) and advise immediate discontinuation if symptoms occur.
- Monitor renal function, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Counsel patients on avoiding co-administration with cationic agents (antacids, iron, zinc) and dairy products to ensure adequate absorption.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid exposure to excessive sunlight or artificial UV light, and use protective clothing and sunscreen.
- Report any joint pain, swelling, or tendon rupture symptoms immediately.
- Do not take with dairy products, antacids, or mineral supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or confusion, which can impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Exercise caution until you know how the medication affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you experience dizziness, lightheadedness, or vision disturbances. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption. Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Regular physical activity can help maintain overall health, but avoid strenuous exercise that could strain tendons while on medication.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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