Amoclav
Generic Name
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| amoclav 500 mg tablet | ৳ 28.00 | ৳ 168.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
A combination antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It contains Amoxicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic, and Clavulanic Acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which protects Amoxicillin from degradation by bacterial enzymes, expanding its spectrum of activity.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dose is one 500 mg/125 mg tablet every 8 hours, or one 875 mg/125 mg tablet every 12 hours, depending on the severity and type of infection.
Elderly
No dosage adjustment is usually required unless there is evidence of renal impairment. If renal impairment is present, adjust dosage as per renal impairment guidelines.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is required based on creatinine clearance (CrCl). CrCl >30 mL/min: No adjustment. CrCl 10-30 mL/min: 500/125 mg every 12 hours. CrCl <10 mL/min: 500/125 mg every 24 hours. Hemodialysis: 500/125 mg every 24 hours, with an additional dose given during and at the end of dialysis.
How to Take
Take orally, preferably at the start of a meal to minimize potential gastrointestinal intolerance and to optimize absorption of clavulanic acid. Swallow tablets whole with a glass of water.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial lysis and death. Clavulanic acid irreversibly binds to and inactivates beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria, preventing the degradation of Amoxicillin and thus allowing Amoxicillin to be effective against beta-lactamase producing strains.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within approximately 1 hour.
Excretion
Amoxicillin is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (approximately 60-70%) by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Clavulanic acid is also largely eliminated via urine (approximately 25-40%) and exhaled air, and feces.
Half life
Amoxicillin: approximately 1-1.3 hours; Clavulanic acid: approximately 1 hour. Elimination half-life may be prolonged in patients with impaired renal function.
Absorption
Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Absorption is optimal when taken at the start of a meal.
Metabolism
Amoxicillin is partially metabolized to an inactive penicilloic acid. Clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized to 2,5-dioxopiperazine and other metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •History of hypersensitivity to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins)
- •History of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid associated jaundice or hepatic dysfunction
- •Severe renal impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min) without appropriate dose adjustment
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs amoxicillin blood levels by decreasing renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin.
Allopurinol
Increased incidence of skin rash when taken concurrently with amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal excretion of methotrexate.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise patients to use alternative non-hormonal birth control methods.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time and increase the risk of bleeding; monitor INR closely.
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea), skin rash, hyperactivity, and crystalluria, potentially leading to renal failure. Management is symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage and/or activated charcoal may be considered if ingestion is recent. Hemodialysis can effectively remove amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from the circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. While studies in animals have not shown teratogenic effects, adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use with caution and only if clearly needed after consulting a doctor. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted in breast milk in small amounts; generally considered safe during lactation, but monitor for adverse effects in the infant (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis, sensitization).
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture, depending on the specific manufacturer and formulation.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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