Arixon
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
Acme Laboratories Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| arixon 1 gm injection | ৳ 190.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Arixon 1 gm Injection is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the third-generation cephalosporin group, used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
1-2 gm once daily (OD) intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM). In severe infections, up to 4 gm may be given once daily.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment required for elderly patients with normal renal and hepatic function. Dosage should be adjusted in case of severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance <10 ml/min, dose should not exceed 2 gm daily. No dosage adjustment needed for mild to moderate impairment.
How to Take
For IM administration, reconstitute the powder with the provided diluent (e.g., lidocaine 1%) and inject deep into a large muscle. For IV administration, reconstitute with sterile water for injection and administer slowly over 30 minutes (for adults) or 60 minutes (for neonates/children).
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid onset of action, typically within 2-3 hours.
Excretion
Excreted unchanged in urine (33-67%) and via bile/feces (35-65%).
Half life
Approximately 6-9 hours (prolonged in neonates and elderly).
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Minimal hepatic metabolism; primarily eliminated as unchanged drug.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or to any of the excipients.
- Patients with previous immediate and/or severe hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or any other beta-lactam antibiotic.
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, especially preterm neonates, due to risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Concurrent use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions in neonates (≤28 days old) due to risk of precipitation.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Enhanced nephrotoxicity when used concomitantly. Monitor renal function.
Chloramphenicol
May antagonize the bactericidal effect of ceftriaxone; avoid concomitant use.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with IV calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates due to risk of precipitation. In other age groups, calcium and ceftriaxone should not be administered simultaneously via the same IV line.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May enhance the anticoagulant effect and increase the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR/PT is advised.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within specified timeframe (e.g., 6 hours at room temperature, 24 hours at 2-8°C).
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and possibly neurological effects. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective for removing ceftriaxone.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. However, use in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or to any of the excipients.
- Patients with previous immediate and/or severe hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or any other beta-lactam antibiotic.
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, especially preterm neonates, due to risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Concurrent use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions in neonates (≤28 days old) due to risk of precipitation.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Enhanced nephrotoxicity when used concomitantly. Monitor renal function.
Chloramphenicol
May antagonize the bactericidal effect of ceftriaxone; avoid concomitant use.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with IV calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates due to risk of precipitation. In other age groups, calcium and ceftriaxone should not be administered simultaneously via the same IV line.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May enhance the anticoagulant effect and increase the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR/PT is advised.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within specified timeframe (e.g., 6 hours at room temperature, 24 hours at 2-8°C).
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and possibly neurological effects. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective for removing ceftriaxone.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. However, use in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Usually 2-3 years from manufacturing date when stored under recommended conditions. Refer to specific product packaging for exact details.
Availability
Available in hospitals and pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies (e.g., DGDA, FDA)
Patent Status
Generic (Patent expired)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections and patient populations since its introduction.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential, especially with prolonged therapy.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin).
- Renal function tests (serum creatinine, BUN).
- Coagulation parameters (PT/INR) if used with anticoagulants or in patients with bleeding risk.
Doctor Notes
- Confirm patient's allergy history, especially to cephalosporins or penicillins, before administration.
- Adjust dosage in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment.
- Monitor for signs of superinfection, especially C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
- Avoid co-administration with calcium-containing solutions in neonates.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotic treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance and recurrence.
- Report any severe side effects, especially persistent diarrhea, rash, or difficulty breathing, to your doctor immediately.
- Do not self-medicate or share this medication with others.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone may cause dizziness in some patients. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medicine affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Follow a healthy diet and lifestyle as advised by your healthcare provider.
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