Cefobac
Generic Name
Cefixime
Manufacturer
Acme Laboratories Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cefobac 125 mg suspension | ৳ 198.75 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, particularly effective against common pathogens found in respiratory, urinary, and ear infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
This strength (125 mg/5 ml suspension) is primarily for pediatric use. Adult dosage of Cefixime is typically 400 mg once daily or 200 mg twice daily, usually with higher strength tablets/capsules.
Elderly
Dose adjustment may be necessary based on renal function; monitor creatinine clearance. No specific dosage adjustment for age alone.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 21-60 mL/min, total daily dose should be reduced by 25%. For creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, total daily dose should be reduced by 50%.
How to Take
Administer orally, with or without food. Shake the suspension well before each use. Use a calibrated measuring device (spoon or cup) for accurate dosing, especially for children. Ensure the full course is completed as prescribed.
Mechanism of Action
Cefixime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. It has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are generally achieved 2 to 6 hours after oral administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (approximately 50% of the absorbed dose) and also via biliary excretion.
Half life
Typically 3 to 4 hours in healthy adults, but may be prolonged in elderly patients and those with renal impairment.
Absorption
Approximately 40-50% orally absorbed. Food may slightly delay absorption but does not significantly affect the total absorbed amount.
Metabolism
Cefixime is not extensively metabolized in the body. Only a small portion may be metabolized in the liver.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of serious hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
May increase cefixime plasma concentrations and prolong its elimination half-life by inhibiting renal excretion of cefixime.
Carbamazepine
Concomitant administration has been reported to result in increased carbamazepine plasma concentrations, requiring monitoring of carbamazepine levels.
Oral Contraceptives
Potential for reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise using alternative or additional birth control methods.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
May increase prothrombin time (PT) and INR, enhancing the anticoagulant effect and increasing the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of coagulation parameters is recommended.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted suspension: Store in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discard any unused portion after 7 to 14 days (check specific product leaflet). Do not freeze.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Supportive treatment, including management of symptoms, is recommended.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefixime is excreted in very low concentrations in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers, and observe the infant for potential adverse effects like diarrhea or candidiasis.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of serious hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
May increase cefixime plasma concentrations and prolong its elimination half-life by inhibiting renal excretion of cefixime.
Carbamazepine
Concomitant administration has been reported to result in increased carbamazepine plasma concentrations, requiring monitoring of carbamazepine levels.
Oral Contraceptives
Potential for reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise using alternative or additional birth control methods.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
May increase prothrombin time (PT) and INR, enhancing the anticoagulant effect and increasing the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of coagulation parameters is recommended.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted suspension: Store in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discard any unused portion after 7 to 14 days (check specific product leaflet). Do not freeze.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Supportive treatment, including management of symptoms, is recommended.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefixime is excreted in very low concentrations in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers, and observe the infant for potential adverse effects like diarrhea or candidiasis.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
The unreconstituted dry powder typically has a shelf life of 24 months from the date of manufacture. Once reconstituted, the suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and used within 7 to 14 days, as specified by the manufacturer.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ongoing clinical trials evaluate cefixime's efficacy against emerging resistant bacterial strains, its use in combination therapies, and potential new indications. Post-marketing surveillance continues to gather real-world effectiveness and safety data.
Lab Monitoring
- Periodic monitoring of renal function (e.g., creatinine clearance) may be advisable during prolonged therapy, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Liver function tests may be monitored if clinically indicated.
- Blood counts may be monitored in patients receiving prolonged treatment.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize to parents/caregivers the importance of proper reconstitution and accurate measurement of the suspension, especially for pediatric patients.
- Stress the necessity of completing the entire prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure eradication of infection and prevent resistance.
- Advise patients/caregivers to report any signs of allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing), severe or persistent diarrhea, or other unusual symptoms immediately.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the full course of medicine as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Do not save medicine for future use or share it with others.
- Consult a doctor if symptoms do not improve or worsen after a few days of treatment.
- Shake the suspension well before each dose and use the provided measuring device for accurate dosing.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Cefixime may cause dizziness or lightheadedness in some individuals. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medicine affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially if experiencing diarrhea.
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent the spread of infection and promote recovery.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during antibiotic treatment as it may worsen side effects or reduce efficacy.
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