Cefobac
Generic Name
Cefixime
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cefobac 250 mg tablet | ৳ 25.09 | ৳ 250.90 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and ear, nose, and throat.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dosage is 400 mg once daily or 200 mg every 12 hours. For Cefobac 250 mg tablets, 250 mg twice daily is commonly prescribed.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment is necessary based solely on age, but renal function should be monitored, and dosage adjusted if renal impairment is present.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 21-60 mL/min, 75% of standard dose. For creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, 50% of standard dose or 200 mg once daily.
How to Take
Cefixime tablets can be taken orally with or without food. To maximize absorption and minimize gastrointestinal upset, it is often recommended to take with food.
Mechanism of Action
Cefixime is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units, crucial for cell wall strength and integrity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours of administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted via the urine (about 50% as unchanged drug) and bile. No significant accumulation occurs in patients with normal renal function.
Half life
Approximately 3 to 4 hours.
Absorption
Approximately 40-50% orally absorbed. Food can delay time to peak concentration but does not significantly affect the extent of absorption.
Metabolism
Limited metabolism in the liver. A small proportion may be metabolized into inactive compounds.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Nifedipine
May increase the absorption of cefixime.
Carbamazepine
Concomitant use may increase carbamazepine levels; therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine is recommended.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
Concurrent administration may increase prothrombin time (INR), requiring close monitoring and possible dosage adjustment of anticoagulants.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefixime is excreted in small amounts into breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Nifedipine
May increase the absorption of cefixime.
Carbamazepine
Concomitant use may increase carbamazepine levels; therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine is recommended.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
Concurrent administration may increase prothrombin time (INR), requiring close monitoring and possible dosage adjustment of anticoagulants.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefixime is excreted in small amounts into breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
Clinical Trials
Cefixime has been extensively studied in various clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across a range of bacterial infections. Ongoing research continues to monitor resistance patterns and optimize treatment protocols.
Lab Monitoring
- Monitor renal function (creatinine clearance) in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged therapy.
- Monitor prothrombin time/INR in patients receiving concomitant anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin).
Doctor Notes
- Ensure patient completes the full prescribed course to prevent resistance and recurrence.
- Advise patients to report any severe or persistent diarrhea, as it could indicate CDAD.
- Counsel on potential allergic reactions, especially in patients with penicillin allergy history.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor and complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve.
- Do not save unused medicine for future infections.
- Inform your doctor about any history of allergies, especially to penicillins or other antibiotics.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Generally, cefixime does not impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, some individuals may experience dizziness, in which case caution should be exercised.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol consumption as it may worsen gastrointestinal side effects, though direct interaction with cefixime is minimal.
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