Ceroxime
Generic Name
Cefuroxime (as Axetil) 500 mg Tablet
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ceroxime 500 mg tablet | ৳ 45.00 | ৳ 180.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, and ear, nose, and throat infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For most infections: 250 mg twice daily. For more severe infections or bronchitis: 500 mg twice daily. For uncomplicated gonorrhea: 1000 mg as a single dose. For early Lyme disease: 500 mg twice daily for 20 days.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but caution should be exercised and renal function monitored, especially in those with impaired renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is required based on creatinine clearance. For creatinine clearance <30 mL/min, the dose should be reduced and/or the dosing interval extended.
How to Take
Take Ceroxime-500 mg tablet orally with food for optimal absorption and to reduce gastrointestinal upset. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew.
Mechanism of Action
Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are enzymes responsible for the synthesis and cross-linking of peptidoglycan, a vital component of bacterial cell walls. This leads to impaired cell wall integrity and eventual bacterial cell lysis.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are achieved approximately 2-3 hours after oral administration with food.
Excretion
It is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Approximately 50% of an orally administered dose is excreted within 12 hours.
Half life
The plasma half-life is approximately 1.2 to 1.6 hours.
Absorption
Cefuroxime axetil is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and blood to release cefuroxime into the circulation. Absorption is enhanced when taken with food.
Metabolism
Cefuroxime is not significantly metabolized in the body.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefuroxime, other cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Although rare, cephalosporins can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Close monitoring of INR is advised.
Probenecid
Concomitant administration of probenecid increases the area under the serum concentration-time curve of cefuroxime by about 50%, prolonging its elimination.
Oral Contraceptives
Cefuroxime may affect gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives. Consider using additional contraceptive methods.
Antacids/H2 blockers
Drugs that reduce gastric acidity may reduce the absorption of cefuroxime axetil, leading to lower peak serum concentrations (e.g., antacids, H2-receptor antagonists). This interaction is less significant with food.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose of cephalosporins can lead to cerebral irritation, convulsions, and encephalopathy. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Gastric lavage may be indicated. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis can effectively remove cefuroxime from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefuroxime, other cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Although rare, cephalosporins can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Close monitoring of INR is advised.
Probenecid
Concomitant administration of probenecid increases the area under the serum concentration-time curve of cefuroxime by about 50%, prolonging its elimination.
Oral Contraceptives
Cefuroxime may affect gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives. Consider using additional contraceptive methods.
Antacids/H2 blockers
Drugs that reduce gastric acidity may reduce the absorption of cefuroxime axetil, leading to lower peak serum concentrations (e.g., antacids, H2-receptor antagonists). This interaction is less significant with food.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose of cephalosporins can lead to cerebral irritation, convulsions, and encephalopathy. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Gastric lavage may be indicated. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis can effectively remove cefuroxime from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefuroxime is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture, specific to manufacturer.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cefuroxime has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in treating various bacterial infections in adults and pediatric patients. These trials support its broad-spectrum activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN) in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged therapy.
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST) in patients with hepatic impairment or during prolonged therapy.
- Complete blood count (CBC) for prolonged therapy, especially if blood dyscrasias are suspected.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize to patients the importance of completing the entire course of therapy, even if symptoms resolve earlier, to prevent resistance and recurrence.
- Advise patients to take with food to improve absorption and minimize GI side effects.
- Counsel on potential allergic reactions and advise immediate medical attention for severe reactions.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve.
- Take this medicine with food to enhance absorption and minimize stomach upset.
- Do not share your medicine with others, even if they have similar symptoms.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ceroxime-500 mg tablet may cause dizziness. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent further infections.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially if experiencing diarrhea.
- Avoid alcohol during treatment as it may exacerbate side effects like nausea or dizziness.
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