Pred
Generic Name
Prednisolone 5 mg tablet
Manufacturer
Generic Pharma Co.
Country
Globally manufactured
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| pred 5 mg tablet | ৳ 1.72 | ৳ 17.20 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Prednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug. It is used for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties to treat a wide range of conditions, including allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, and breathing disorders.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Dosage varies widely depending on the condition being treated. Typically ranges from 5 mg to 60 mg orally per day, administered as a single daily dose or in divided doses. Acute conditions may require higher initial doses, followed by gradual tapering.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but caution should be exercised due to increased risk of side effects (e.g., osteoporosis, fluid retention). Lower initial doses may be appropriate.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment is generally required for renal impairment, but clinical monitoring is advisable due to potential fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
How to Take
Prednisolone tablets should be taken orally, preferably with food or milk to minimize gastrointestinal irritation. It can be taken as a single dose in the morning or in divided doses as prescribed by a physician.
Mechanism of Action
Prednisolone acts by binding to specific glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm. This complex then translocates to the nucleus, where it modulates gene expression, leading to the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins and inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandins, leukotrienes). It also suppresses the immune system by inhibiting the function of lymphocytes and other immune cells.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Anti-inflammatory effects typically begin within a few hours (2-8 hours) after administration.
Excretion
Excreted mainly in the urine as inactive metabolites, with a small amount of unchanged drug.
Half life
Plasma half-life is 2-4 hours; biological half-life ranges from 18 to 36 hours.
Absorption
Well and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites, mainly by the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme system.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Systemic fungal infections (unless used to control drug reactions)
- Known hypersensitivity to prednisolone or any components of the formulation
- Administration of live or live-attenuated vaccines in patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids
Drug Interactions
Live vaccines
Increased risk of infection when administered with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone.
Warfarin (anticoagulant)
May alter the anticoagulant effect; monitor INR closely.
Diuretics (e.g., Thiazide, Loop diuretics)
May enhance potassium depletion, leading to hypokalemia.
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.
Antidiabetic agents (e.g., Insulin, Oral hypoglycemics)
Prednisolone can elevate blood glucose levels, requiring adjustment of antidiabetic medication.
CYP3A4 Inducers (e.g., Rifampicin, Phenytoin, Barbiturates)
May decrease prednisolone plasma levels, reducing its efficacy.
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Ritonavir)
May increase prednisolone plasma levels, potentially increasing side effects.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 25°C (77°F). Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Acute overdose with prednisolone is rare and unlikely to be life-threatening. Symptoms may include an exacerbation of common side effects such as fluid retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and anxiety. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive; there is no specific antidote. Long-term overdose can lead to Cushingoid features.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Prednisolone should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It crosses the placental barrier. For lactation, prednisolone is excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman, and infants should be monitored for signs of adrenal suppression.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Systemic fungal infections (unless used to control drug reactions)
- Known hypersensitivity to prednisolone or any components of the formulation
- Administration of live or live-attenuated vaccines in patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids
Drug Interactions
Live vaccines
Increased risk of infection when administered with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone.
Warfarin (anticoagulant)
May alter the anticoagulant effect; monitor INR closely.
Diuretics (e.g., Thiazide, Loop diuretics)
May enhance potassium depletion, leading to hypokalemia.
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.
Antidiabetic agents (e.g., Insulin, Oral hypoglycemics)
Prednisolone can elevate blood glucose levels, requiring adjustment of antidiabetic medication.
CYP3A4 Inducers (e.g., Rifampicin, Phenytoin, Barbiturates)
May decrease prednisolone plasma levels, reducing its efficacy.
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Ritonavir)
May increase prednisolone plasma levels, potentially increasing side effects.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 25°C (77°F). Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Acute overdose with prednisolone is rare and unlikely to be life-threatening. Symptoms may include an exacerbation of common side effects such as fluid retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and anxiety. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive; there is no specific antidote. Long-term overdose can lead to Cushingoid features.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Prednisolone should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It crosses the placental barrier. For lactation, prednisolone is excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman, and infants should be monitored for signs of adrenal suppression.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Generally 2-3 years from the date of manufacture, when stored under recommended conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by FDA/DGDA
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Prednisolone has been extensively studied for decades, and numerous clinical trials support its efficacy and safety profile in a wide range of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions. Ongoing research continues to refine its use and explore new applications.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood glucose levels (especially in diabetic or predisposed patients)
- Electrolytes (particularly potassium levels, due to risk of hypokalemia)
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Bone mineral density (for long-term therapy)
- Ophthalmologic examinations (for long-term therapy to detect cataracts/glaucoma)
- Growth monitoring in pediatric patients
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of gradual tapering to prevent adrenal crisis or severe withdrawal symptoms.
- Consider bone protection (e.g., calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates) for patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy.
- Counsel patients on increased risk of infection and to report fever or other signs of infection promptly.
- Monitor blood pressure, blood glucose, and electrolytes regularly, especially in vulnerable populations.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not stop taking prednisolone suddenly, especially after prolonged use, as it may lead to severe withdrawal symptoms or adrenal crisis. Always taper the dose under medical supervision.
- Take prednisolone with food or milk to minimize stomach upset.
- Report any signs of infection (fever, sore throat) to your doctor immediately, as corticosteroids can mask infection symptoms and increase susceptibility.
- Inform all healthcare providers (including dentists) that you are taking prednisolone.
- Carry a medical alert card or bracelet if you are on long-term corticosteroid therapy.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you are on an alternate-day regimen, consult your doctor.
Driving Precautions
Prednisolone may cause dizziness, visual disturbances, or mood changes in some individuals. Patients should be advised to assess their reaction to the drug before driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet, potentially low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium, to counteract potential side effects like fluid retention and bone loss.
- Engage in regular, moderate weight-bearing exercise to help maintain bone density and muscle strength.
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick or have infections, especially if you are on immunosuppressive doses.
- Limit alcohol consumption and avoid smoking, as these can exacerbate some side effects (e.g., osteoporosis, stomach irritation).
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