Procin
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| procin 500 mg tablet | ৳ 14.05 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone and joint infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical oral dosage is 250-750 mg twice daily, depending on the severity and type of infection. For a 500 mg tablet, commonly 500 mg twice daily for 5-14 days.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be necessary based on renal function. Use with caution.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is required for patients with creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min. For example, reduce dose or extend dosing interval.
How to Take
Procin tablets can be taken with or without food. Do not take with dairy products, antacids containing aluminum or magnesium, or mineral supplements (e.g., iron, zinc, calcium) as they can reduce absorption. Drink plenty of fluids.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to the disruption of bacterial DNA and cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Onset of antibacterial action varies by infection type and site, generally within hours.
Excretion
Mainly renal excretion (50-70% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent via the feces (15-30%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after oral administration with bioavailability ranging from 70% to 80%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved 1-2 hours post-dose.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver (via CYP1A2) to less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Co-administration with tizanidine
- History of tendinopathy associated with quinolone use
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Caffeine
Reduced clearance of caffeine, leading to increased plasma levels.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Increased tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and sedation (contraindicated).
Cyclosporine
Increased serum creatinine levels, necessitating monitoring.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Antacids, iron, zinc, calcium, dairy products
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Monitor renal function and initiate dialysis if necessary.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human breast milk; therefore, caution is advised when administered to a nursing woman.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Co-administration with tizanidine
- History of tendinopathy associated with quinolone use
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Caffeine
Reduced clearance of caffeine, leading to increased plasma levels.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Increased tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and sedation (contraindicated).
Cyclosporine
Increased serum creatinine levels, necessitating monitoring.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Antacids, iron, zinc, calcium, dairy products
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Monitor renal function and initiate dialysis if necessary.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human breast milk; therefore, caution is advised when administered to a nursing woman.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the date of manufacture, specific expiry date printed on the packaging.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Patent expired; generic versions available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor its long-term effects.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN)
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase)
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of therapy to prevent resistance.
- Advise patients to report any musculoskeletal pain, numbness, or psychiatric symptoms immediately.
- Consider alternative antibiotics for elderly patients or those with pre-existing risk factors for tendon rupture.
- Monitor for potential drug interactions, especially with warfarin and theophylline.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire prescribed course of medication, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any new or worsening symptoms, especially tendon pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid taking with dairy products, antacids, or mineral supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautioned about operating machinery or driving until they know how the drug affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Adhere to physician's recommendations for diet and rest.
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