Procin
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
---|---|---|
procin 750 mg tablet | ৳ 18.05 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For most moderate to severe infections, 750 mg orally once daily or 500 mg orally twice daily, depending on the type and severity of infection. Treatment duration varies.
Elderly
Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on renal function. Generally, the lower end of the adult dose range is considered.
Renal_impairment
CrCl 30-60 mL/min: 500 mg every 12 hours. CrCl <30 mL/min: 500 mg every 24 hours. For severe infections, the standard dose may be used for CrCl 30-60 mL/min.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. Do not take with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices alone. Take with plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria. Avoid taking antacids, iron, or zinc preparations within 2 hours of Ciprofloxacin.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bactericidal activity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Onset of antibacterial action typically occurs within hours of administration, with clinical improvement noted within days.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged via the kidneys (renal) through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (about 40-50% within 24 hours), and to a lesser extent via the feces.
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is about 70-80%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to less active metabolites (desethyleneciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and formylciprofloxacin).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effect, requiring careful monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to a significant increase in tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and somnolence.
Theophylline
Ciprofloxacin can increase plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Corticosteroids
May increase the risk of tendon disorders, especially in elderly patients.
Antacids (containing aluminum/magnesium), sucralfate, iron, zinc, dairy products
These can significantly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose may lead to reversible renal toxicity. Management includes gastric lavage, induction of emesis, supportive care, and maintaining adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; therefore, it is not recommended during breastfeeding due to potential for serious adverse reactions in the nursing infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effect, requiring careful monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to a significant increase in tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and somnolence.
Theophylline
Ciprofloxacin can increase plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Corticosteroids
May increase the risk of tendon disorders, especially in elderly patients.
Antacids (containing aluminum/magnesium), sucralfate, iron, zinc, dairy products
These can significantly reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose may lead to reversible renal toxicity. Management includes gastric lavage, induction of emesis, supportive care, and maintaining adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; therefore, it is not recommended during breastfeeding due to potential for serious adverse reactions in the nursing infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from manufacturing date, depending on manufacturer specifications.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have demonstrated ciprofloxacin's efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections, leading to its widespread approval and use.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (BUN, creatinine) in patients with impaired renal function.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if signs of liver injury appear.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) for prolonged therapy.
- Prothrombin time/INR for patients on concomitant warfarin therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Educate patients about the black box warnings associated with fluoroquinolones, particularly the risk of tendinopathy and peripheral neuropathy.
- Consider alternative antibiotics in patients with a history of myasthenia gravis, as ciprofloxacin can exacerbate the condition.
- Adjust dosage in patients with renal impairment to avoid drug accumulation and toxicity.
- Advise patients to avoid concurrent administration of antacids, iron, zinc, and dairy products.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve.
- Drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication to prevent kidney problems.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light, as it can cause photosensitivity.
- Report any new or worsening symptoms, especially tendon pain, numbness, tingling, or changes in mood, to your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
This medicine may cause dizziness or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery or driving until they are reasonably certain that ciprofloxacin therapy does not affect them adversely.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent the spread of infection.
- Avoid self-medication and always consult a healthcare professional.
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