Salbutal
Generic Name
Salbutamol
Manufacturer
Various (e.g., Square Pharmaceuticals, Beximco Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh)
Country
Bangladesh (for local brands), India, UK, USA (globally manufactured)
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| salbutal 2 mg syrup | ৳ 22.96 | N/A |
| salbutal 2 mg tablet | ৳ 0.26 | ৳ 2.60 |
| salbutal 4 mg tablet | ৳ 0.46 | ৳ 4.60 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Salbutamol (also known as albuterol) is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist used for the quick relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It helps relax the muscles of the airways, opening them up and making it easier to breathe.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Inhalation: 1-2 puffs (100-200 mcg) as needed, max 8 puffs/day. Oral: 2-4 mg, 3-4 times daily. Nebuliser: 2.5-5 mg via nebuliser.
Elderly
Consider lower starting doses, monitor for side effects.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment for mild to moderate impairment, but caution with severe impairment.
How to Take
Inhalation: use proper technique as demonstrated by healthcare professional. Oral: take with or without food. Nebuliser: use with a nebuliser machine.
Mechanism of Action
Salbutamol selectively stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, primarily located in the bronchial smooth muscle. This stimulation activates adenyl cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP levels lead to the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Inhalation: 5-15 minutes; Oral: 30 minutes.
Excretion
Primarily excreted in the urine, mainly as metabolites, with some unchanged drug. Approximately 80-100% excreted within 72 hours.
Half life
Oral: 2.7-5 hours; Inhalation: 4-6 hours (systemic absorption).
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. Peak plasma concentrations reached within 0.5-2 hours after oral administration and within minutes after inhalation.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver to an inactive sulfate conjugate.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to salbutamol or any component of the formulation
- Tachyarrhythmia or severe cardiac disease (relative)
Drug Interactions
Diuretics
May potentiate hypokalemia (low potassium levels).
Other sympathomimetic agents
Additive effects and increased risk of toxicity.
Beta-blockers (e.g., Propranolol)
Can block the bronchodilating effect of salbutamol and cause severe bronchospasm, should generally be avoided.
MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) and TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants)
Increased risk of cardiovascular adverse effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light, heat, and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include tremor, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, nervousness, dizziness, insomnia, and hypokalemia. Management involves supportive therapy, monitoring electrolyte levels (especially potassium), and cardiac function. Beta-blockers (e.g., cardioselective beta-1 blockers) can be used cautiously in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Small amounts excreted in breast milk; use with caution during lactation and only if clinically indicated.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to salbutamol or any component of the formulation
- Tachyarrhythmia or severe cardiac disease (relative)
Drug Interactions
Diuretics
May potentiate hypokalemia (low potassium levels).
Other sympathomimetic agents
Additive effects and increased risk of toxicity.
Beta-blockers (e.g., Propranolol)
Can block the bronchodilating effect of salbutamol and cause severe bronchospasm, should generally be avoided.
MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) and TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants)
Increased risk of cardiovascular adverse effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light, heat, and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include tremor, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, nervousness, dizziness, insomnia, and hypokalemia. Management involves supportive therapy, monitoring electrolyte levels (especially potassium), and cardiac function. Beta-blockers (e.g., cardioselective beta-1 blockers) can be used cautiously in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Small amounts excreted in breast milk; use with caution during lactation and only if clinically indicated.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years, check product specific label.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals worldwide
Approval Status
Globally approved and widely used
Patent Status
Off-patent (generic versions available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established salbutamol's efficacy and safety for treating bronchospasm in asthma and COPD. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing delivery methods and combination therapies.
Lab Monitoring
- Serum potassium levels (especially with high doses or concomitant use of diuretics)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the difference between rescue (salbutamol) and controller medications. Patients should not rely solely on salbutamol for daily asthma control.
- Educate patients on proper inhaler technique and the importance of monitoring their symptoms.
- Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with beta-blockers and other sympathomimetics.
Patient Guidelines
- Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and frequency.
- Learn proper inhaler technique for optimal drug delivery.
- Carry your rescue inhaler with you at all times for immediate relief.
- Do not use more often than prescribed, as overuse can worsen asthma control and increase side effects.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Salbutamol may cause tremor or dizziness in some individuals. If you experience these effects, avoid driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Identify and avoid asthma triggers (e.g., pollen, dust mites, pet dander, smoke).
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise (if appropriate) and a balanced diet.
- Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Get a flu shot annually and consider a pneumonia vaccine as advised by your doctor.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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