Traxon
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| traxon 500 mg injection | ৳ 150.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It is administered via injection and is effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usual adult dose for general infections is 1-2 g IV or IM once daily. For severe infections, up to 4 g may be given once daily or in two divided doses.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is needed for elderly patients with normal renal and hepatic function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is generally not required for mild to moderate renal impairment. For severe impairment, close monitoring is advised, and dose adjustments may be considered.
How to Take
Administer by deep intramuscular (IM) injection or by slow intravenous (IV) infusion (over 30 minutes) or IV bolus (over 2-4 minutes). Reconstitute the powder with the appropriate diluent (e.g., Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution) as per manufacturer's instructions.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. It is bactericidal.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are generally achieved within 2-3 hours after IM administration.
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% is excreted unchanged in the urine, and 40-50% is excreted in the bile/feces.
Half life
Approximately 5.8 to 8.7 hours in healthy adults, allowing for once-daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after intramuscular (IM) injection. Bioavailability is approximately 100% for IM and IV administration.
Metabolism
Primarily eliminated unchanged. A small portion is metabolized into inactive compounds by gut flora.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates.
- Concurrent use with calcium-containing IV solutions in neonates (due to risk of precipitation).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Although no significant interaction is usually expected, monitor renal function if co-administered, especially in patients with impaired renal function.
Oral contraceptives
Ceftriaxone may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Advise women to use additional non-hormonal contraception during treatment and for a short period thereafter.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with IV calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates due to precipitation risk. In other age groups, infuse separately and sequentially.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase the anticoagulant effect; monitor INR/PT and adjust anticoagulant dose as needed.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored as per specific instructions for a limited period.
Overdose
In cases of overdose, treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Ceftriaxone is not effectively removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Use with caution during pregnancy; consult a doctor. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates.
- Concurrent use with calcium-containing IV solutions in neonates (due to risk of precipitation).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Although no significant interaction is usually expected, monitor renal function if co-administered, especially in patients with impaired renal function.
Oral contraceptives
Ceftriaxone may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Advise women to use additional non-hormonal contraception during treatment and for a short period thereafter.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with IV calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates due to precipitation risk. In other age groups, infuse separately and sequentially.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase the anticoagulant effect; monitor INR/PT and adjust anticoagulant dose as needed.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored as per specific instructions for a limited period.
Overdose
In cases of overdose, treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Ceftriaxone is not effectively removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Use with caution during pregnancy; consult a doctor. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2 to 3 years for the dry powder when stored correctly. Reconstituted solutions have a shorter shelf life and must be used promptly.
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies worldwide
Patent Status
Generic versions available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in treating a wide range of bacterial infections across various patient populations since its initial approval.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential for prolonged therapy.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) if treatment is extended or in patients with hepatic impairment.
- Renal function tests (RFTs) for patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged high-dose therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Before initiating therapy, perform an allergy history for cephalosporins and penicillins.
- Monitor for signs of C. difficile infection if prolonged diarrhea occurs during or after treatment.
- Exercise caution when co-administering with IV calcium-containing products, especially in neonates where it is contraindicated.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire prescribed course of this antibiotic, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any unusual or severe side effects, especially persistent diarrhea, rash, or difficulty breathing, to your doctor immediately.
- Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, it should be administered as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not administer a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone may cause dizziness in some patients. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread or recurrence of infections.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during the course of antibiotic treatment as it may exacerbate side effects in some individuals, though direct interaction with ceftriaxone is not well-established.
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