triphin
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Manufacturer
Global Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| triphin 2 gm injection | ৳ 250.75 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Triphin 2 gm Injection contains Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
1-2 gm once daily by IV or IM administration. In severe infections, the dose may be increased to 4 gm once daily.
Elderly
No dosage adjustment is generally required unless there is severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment required for mild to moderate renal impairment. For severe renal impairment, dose should not exceed 2 gm daily without close monitoring.
How to Take
For intravenous (IV) administration, reconstitute with appropriate solvent and administer as a slow infusion over 30 minutes. For intramuscular (IM) administration, reconstitute and inject deep into a large muscle.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. It is bactericidal.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid onset (within 30 minutes for IV administration).
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% excreted unchanged in urine, and 40-50% excreted unchanged in bile/faeces.
Half life
Approximately 6 to 9 hours (prolonged in neonates).
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites via hydrolysis; does not involve cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems).
- Neonates (especially premature) with hyperbilirubinemia or those requiring calcium-containing intravenous solutions.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Does not significantly alter ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics, unlike some other cephalosporins.
Aminoglycosides
Potential for increased nephrotoxicity when co-administered, although some studies show synergistic effect against certain bacteria. Monitor renal function.
Oral anticoagulants
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin), increasing the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR is advised.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates. In other age groups, a 48-hour washout period is recommended if calcium is administered intravenously.
Storage
Store unreconstituted powder below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ceftriaxone from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems).
- Neonates (especially premature) with hyperbilirubinemia or those requiring calcium-containing intravenous solutions.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Does not significantly alter ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics, unlike some other cephalosporins.
Aminoglycosides
Potential for increased nephrotoxicity when co-administered, although some studies show synergistic effect against certain bacteria. Monitor renal function.
Oral anticoagulants
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin), increasing the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR is advised.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates. In other age groups, a 48-hour washout period is recommended if calcium is administered intravenously.
Storage
Store unreconstituted powder below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ceftriaxone from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years for unreconstituted powder. Reconstituted solution is stable for 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours under refrigeration.
Availability
Available in hospitals and pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections in various patient populations.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy.
- Liver and kidney function tests for patients with pre-existing impairment or prolonged treatment.
- Coagulation parameters (e.g., INR) in patients on concomitant anticoagulants.
Doctor Notes
- Before administering, always check for patient history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins.
- Ceftriaxone must not be mixed or co-administered with calcium-containing solutions in neonates.
- Monitor renal and hepatic function during prolonged therapy, especially in patients with pre-existing impairment.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of injection as prescribed by your doctor, even if you feel better.
- Report any signs of allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling) immediately.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
- Do not share this medicine with others, even if they have similar symptoms.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone may cause dizziness in some patients. Patients should be cautioned about driving or operating machinery until they know how the drug affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during the treatment period if advised by your doctor.
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