Vertex
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone 250 mg injection
Manufacturer
Example Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| vertex 250 mg injection | ৳ 100.30 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Vertex 250 mg Injection contains Ceftriaxone, a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections in various parts of the body.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usual dose is 1-2 g administered once daily (every 24 hours) IV or IM, depending on the severity of the infection. In severe cases, doses up to 4 g daily may be given.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is required for elderly patients with normal renal and hepatic function.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment is generally required for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. In severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min), the total daily dose should not exceed 2 g.
How to Take
Vertex 250 mg Injection can be administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM). For IV administration, it should be slowly infused over 30 minutes. For IM administration, it should be injected deep into a large muscle mass.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), disrupting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, which leads to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid onset of action after intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration.
Excretion
Excreted primarily via the kidneys (40-65%) and biliary/fecal route (35-60%).
Half life
Approximately 5.8 to 8.7 hours in adults, allowing for once-daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after intramuscular (IM) injection. Peak plasma concentrations reached within 2-3 hours. High bioavailability.
Metabolism
Limited hepatic metabolism; primarily eliminated as unchanged drug. A small amount is converted to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporins, or to any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Concomitant use with calcium-containing IV solutions in neonates (≤28 days old).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Synergistic effect against some Gram-negative bacteria, but do not mix in the same syringe or infusion bottle.
Calcium-containing solutions
Formation of insoluble ceftriaxone-calcium precipitates, especially in neonates, leading to fatal pulmonary and renal events. Avoid concomitant use.
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Can increase ceftriaxone levels due to competition for renal tubular secretion.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
May increase the anticoagulant effect. Monitor INR/PT and adjust anticoagulant dose as needed.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or within 24 hours if refrigerated.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially neurological reactions (e.g., convulsions). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ceftriaxone.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. It is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk. Use only if clearly needed after consulting a doctor.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporins, or to any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Concomitant use with calcium-containing IV solutions in neonates (≤28 days old).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Synergistic effect against some Gram-negative bacteria, but do not mix in the same syringe or infusion bottle.
Calcium-containing solutions
Formation of insoluble ceftriaxone-calcium precipitates, especially in neonates, leading to fatal pulmonary and renal events. Avoid concomitant use.
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Can increase ceftriaxone levels due to competition for renal tubular secretion.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
May increase the anticoagulant effect. Monitor INR/PT and adjust anticoagulant dose as needed.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or within 24 hours if refrigerated.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially neurological reactions (e.g., convulsions). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ceftriaxone.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. It is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk. Use only if clearly needed after consulting a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture, when stored as recommended.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA (Bangladesh)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections. Ongoing research explores its role in antibiotic resistance and new therapeutic applications.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) if prolonged therapy or suspected hematological abnormalities.
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN) periodically, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST, bilirubin) in patients with hepatic impairment or during prolonged treatment.
- Coagulation parameters (e.g., PT, INR) if concomitant anticoagulants are used.
Doctor Notes
- Before administration, inquire about patient's history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Reconstitute the powder with the appropriate diluent (e.g., Water for Injection) as per manufacturer's instructions. Ensure complete dissolution.
- Avoid rapid IV push; administer slowly over at least 30 minutes to reduce the risk of phlebitis and other adverse reactions.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any severe side effects, especially severe diarrhea or allergic reactions, to your doctor immediately.
- Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. Consult your doctor or healthcare provider.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone may cause dizziness in some patients. If you experience dizziness, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol during treatment as it may exacerbate some side effects.
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