Cipro-A
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Acme Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cipro a 200 mg injection | ৳ 146.94 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent of the fluoroquinolone class. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 200 mg to 400 mg by intravenous infusion every 8 to 12 hours, depending on the severity and type of infection. Infuse over 60 minutes.
Elderly
Dose adjustment may be necessary based on renal function; monitor closely.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction is required for patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (e.g., CrCl < 30 mL/min).
How to Take
Administer as a slow intravenous infusion over a period of 60 minutes. Do not inject rapidly.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid (within minutes for IV administration).
Excretion
Primarily renal (50-70% as unchanged drug), some fecal (15-30%).
Half life
Approximately 3 to 5 hours.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption from the site of injection directly into the systemic circulation.
Metabolism
Partially hepatic (15-30%) via cytochrome P450, forming moderately active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other quinolones, or any component of the formulation.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated; significantly increases tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and somnolence.
Theophylline
Ciprofloxacin can inhibit the metabolism of theophylline, leading to increased plasma concentrations and potential toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture when co-administered.
NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, supportive measures including maintaining hydration and symptomatic treatment are recommended. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C: Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Lactation: Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk. Discontinue nursing or the drug.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other quinolones, or any component of the formulation.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated; significantly increases tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and somnolence.
Theophylline
Ciprofloxacin can inhibit the metabolism of theophylline, leading to increased plasma concentrations and potential toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture when co-administered.
NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, supportive measures including maintaining hydration and symptomatic treatment are recommended. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C: Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Lactation: Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk. Discontinue nursing or the drug.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2 to 3 years from the date of manufacture when stored correctly. Refer to the product label for specific expiry.
Availability
Hospitals, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by FDA/DGDA and regulatory bodies worldwide
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections. Ongoing research continues to explore its applications.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN)
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST)
- Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
- INR for patients on warfarin
Doctor Notes
- Always counsel patients regarding the black box warnings associated with fluoroquinolones, especially tendon rupture and peripheral neuropathy.
- Assess renal function prior to and during treatment to adjust dosage as needed.
- Be aware of potential drug interactions, particularly with tizanidine, theophylline, and warfarin.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any new or worsening tendon pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness immediately.
- Stay well-hydrated during treatment.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure or use protective measures due to photosensitivity.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery until they know how the drug affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid strenuous physical activity if you experience any tendon discomfort or pain.
- Limit caffeine intake as ciprofloxacin can increase caffeine's effects.
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