Cipro-A
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Acme Laboratories Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cipro a 250 mg tablet | ৳ 8.56 | ৳ 85.60 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, bone, and joint infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical adult dose is 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the severity and type of infection. Treatment duration varies from 7 to 14 days, or longer for severe infections.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment is required based solely on age, but renal function should be assessed and dosage adjusted if renal impairment is present.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired renal function. For CrCl 30-60 mL/min, administer 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For CrCl <30 mL/min, administer 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. Do not take with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, as these can reduce absorption. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, or iron/zinc supplements.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to the disruption of bacterial DNA and cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 30 minutes to 2 hours (depending on infection type)
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (50-70%) and to a lesser extent via the feces (15-30%). Renal clearance is significant.
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is approximately 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Metabolism
Undergoes limited hepatic metabolism (10-30%) to four active metabolites, which have less antimicrobial activity than the parent drug.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Concurrent use with tizanidine.
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures when co-administered.
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding. INR monitoring recommended.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids (Mg/Al), Iron, Zinc supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) should be performed, and the patient should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment. Adequate hydration should be maintained.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Not recommended for use during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk and may cause adverse effects in a nursing infant; therefore, breast-feeding should be avoided during treatment.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Concurrent use with tizanidine.
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures when co-administered.
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding. INR monitoring recommended.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids (Mg/Al), Iron, Zinc supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) should be performed, and the patient should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment. Adequate hydration should be maintained.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Not recommended for use during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk and may cause adverse effects in a nursing infant; therefore, breast-feeding should be avoided during treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established ciprofloxacin's efficacy across a broad spectrum of bacterial infections. Ongoing research focuses on antibiotic resistance patterns and new indications.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (BUN, creatinine) in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if treatment is prolonged or signs of hepatotoxicity appear.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Prescribe cautiously in patients with a history of seizures, myasthenia gravis, or risk factors for QT prolongation.
- Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if they experience joint pain, swelling, or sudden pain in a tendon.
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to minimize resistance.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication even if symptoms improve to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light, as ciprofloxacin can increase photosensitivity.
- Report any tendon pain, swelling, or inflammation immediately to your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, which could impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. If you experience these effects, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent re-infection.
- Avoid self-medication and always consult a doctor before starting any new medicine.
- Eat a balanced diet to support overall health.
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