Ciprozid
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciprozid 750 mg tablet | ৳ 18.00 | ৳ 180.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the infection. For 750mg, it's often 750 mg twice daily for severe or complicated infections.
Elderly
Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage must be reduced in patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min).
How to Take
Take orally, usually twice daily. Can be taken with or without food. Avoid dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, and antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium within 2 hours of taking ciprofloxacin, as they can reduce absorption. Drink plenty of fluids.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 0.5 to 2 hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted renally (approximately 50-70% as unchanged drug) and partly via the feces (15-30%).
Half life
Approximately 3 to 5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are usually reached within 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to four active metabolites, but the parent drug accounts for the majority of the activity.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
- Co-administration with tizanidine.
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Caffeine
May decrease caffeine clearance.
Warfarin
May enhance anticoagulant effects. Monitor INR.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate levels and toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased theophylline levels and toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Oral Hypoglycemics
May cause severe hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose.
Antacids (Mg, Al, Ca), Sucralfate, Didanosine
Reduce ciprofloxacin absorption. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include kidney toxicity. In case of acute overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Supportive care. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk and may cause serious adverse reactions in nursing infants; a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
- Co-administration with tizanidine.
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Caffeine
May decrease caffeine clearance.
Warfarin
May enhance anticoagulant effects. Monitor INR.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate levels and toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased theophylline levels and toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Oral Hypoglycemics
May cause severe hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose.
Antacids (Mg, Al, Ca), Sucralfate, Didanosine
Reduce ciprofloxacin absorption. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include kidney toxicity. In case of acute overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Supportive care. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk and may cause serious adverse reactions in nursing infants; a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
DGDA Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials for its efficacy in various bacterial infections. Ongoing research explores its use in emerging resistant strains and new formulations.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN) especially in elderly or renally impaired patients.
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST) if used for prolonged periods or in patients with pre-existing liver disease.
- Blood glucose levels in diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemics.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize completing the full prescribed course to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Counsel patients on signs and symptoms of tendinitis/tendon rupture and peripheral neuropathy, advising immediate discontinuation and medical consultation if these occur.
- Be aware of significant drug interactions, especially with tizanidine, warfarin, and antacids.
- Monitor renal function in elderly and renally impaired patients.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication, even if symptoms improve.
- Do not share this medication with others.
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen due to photosensitivity.
- Report any pain, swelling, or inflammation of tendons, especially in the ankle, heel, or shoulder.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness or lightheadedness, and rarely impaired vision. Patients should be cautioned about operating machinery or driving until they are reasonably certain that ciprofloxacin does not adversely affect them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well-hydrated.
- Protect skin from sun exposure.
- Avoid dairy products and antacids around dosing times.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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