Adults

Dosage varies based on procedure, site, and individual response. Typically, for infiltration: 5-30 mL of 1% solution (max 300 mg). For nerve block: 5-20 mL of 1% solution (max 300 mg). Always use the lowest effective dose.

Elderly

Reduced doses may be required due to decreased hepatic function and sensitivity. Initial dose should be conservative.

Renal_impairment

No specific dose adjustment is generally required for single-dose administration. However, caution is advised with repeated doses or continuous infusion.

Onset

Onset of action typically occurs within 2-5 minutes after administration.

Excretion

Metabolites and a small percentage of unchanged drug are excreted via the kidneys.

Half life

Elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 to 3 hours in adults.

Absorption

Rapidly absorbed from injection sites, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 5-10 minutes depending on the site and vascularity.

Metabolism

Primarily metabolized in the liver by microsomal enzymes via N-dealkylation and hydroxylation.

CNS depressants

Additive CNS depressant effects when co-administered with other CNS depressants (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines).

Antiarrhythmic drugs

Increased risk of cardiac effects (e.g., other Class I antiarrhythmics like mexiletine).

Skeletal muscle relaxants

May potentiate the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents.

Vasoconstrictors (e.g., epinephrine)

Prolongs duration of action and reduces systemic absorption of jasocaine, but also increases risk of local tissue ischemia.