Renova
Generic Name
Levofloxacin
Manufacturer
Various manufacturers (e.g., Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.)
Country
Globally manufactured
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| renova 500 mg tablet | ৳ 1.20 | ৳ 12.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Levofloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agent of the fluoroquinolone class, active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used to treat various bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 500 mg once daily for 7-14 days depending on the infection. For specific indications, 250 mg or 750 mg once daily may be prescribed.
Elderly
No dose adjustment generally required unless renal function is impaired. Monitor renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment required based on creatinine clearance (CrCl). For CrCl 20-49 mL/min: 250 mg every 24 hours (or 500 mg initial, then 250 mg q24h). For CrCl 10-19 mL/min: 250 mg every 48 hours (or 500 mg initial, then 250 mg q48h).
How to Take
Oral administration. May be taken with or without food. Ensure adequate hydration. Do not take with antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, sucralfate, metal cations (e.g., iron, zinc), or multivitamins containing iron or zinc. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
Mechanism of Action
Levofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours of administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (approximately 87%) by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
Approximately 6-8 hours.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after oral administration; peak plasma concentrations reached within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; less than 5% of a dose is metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to levofloxacin or other quinolones
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use
- Epilepsy or other seizure disorders
- Children and adolescents (under 18 years old)
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsions.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendon rupture.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Risk of blood glucose disturbances (hypo- or hyperglycemia).
Antacids (Mg/Al), Sucralfate, Metal Cations (Fe, Zn)
Reduced absorption of levofloxacin; separate administration by at least 2 hours.
Antiarrhythmics (e.g., Quinidine, Procainamide, Amiodarone)
Increased risk of QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms may include CNS effects (confusion, dizziness, convulsions, tremors), QT prolongation, and renal impairment. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; hemodialysis is not effective. Maintain adequate hydration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is excreted in breast milk and may harm the infant's developing cartilage.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to levofloxacin or other quinolones
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use
- Epilepsy or other seizure disorders
- Children and adolescents (under 18 years old)
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsions.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendon rupture.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Risk of blood glucose disturbances (hypo- or hyperglycemia).
Antacids (Mg/Al), Sucralfate, Metal Cations (Fe, Zn)
Reduced absorption of levofloxacin; separate administration by at least 2 hours.
Antiarrhythmics (e.g., Quinidine, Procainamide, Amiodarone)
Increased risk of QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms may include CNS effects (confusion, dizziness, convulsions, tremors), QT prolongation, and renal impairment. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; hemodialysis is not effective. Maintain adequate hydration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is excreted in breast milk and may harm the infant's developing cartilage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from the manufacturing date. Refer to the specific product packaging for exact details.
Availability
Available in pharmacies worldwide
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies like FDA and DGDA (or equivalent)
Patent Status
Patent expired, generic versions available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Levofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety profile for approved indications. Post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor for adverse events.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (for patients with renal impairment or during prolonged therapy)
- Liver function tests (if signs of hepatotoxicity develop)
- Blood glucose (especially in diabetic patients or those at risk of dysglycemia)
- ECG (if risk factors for QT prolongation are present)
Doctor Notes
- Educate patients thoroughly on the black box warnings, particularly regarding tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects.
- Advise patients to immediately discontinue the drug and contact a healthcare professional if they experience severe adverse reactions.
- Exercise caution in elderly patients and those on concomitant corticosteroids due to increased risk of tendon damage.
- Monitor blood glucose levels in diabetic patients or those at risk of dysglycemia.
- Avoid in patients with a history of myasthenia gravis, as it can exacerbate muscle weakness.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve early.
- Stay well hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection as levofloxacin may increase photosensitivity.
- Report any pain, swelling, or inflammation of tendons (especially in the ankle, heel, shoulder) immediately.
- Do not take antacids, sucralfate, or products containing iron/zinc within 2 hours of taking levofloxacin.
- Monitor blood sugar levels regularly if you are diabetic.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medicine affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene practices to prevent reinfection.
- Follow a balanced and healthy diet.
- Avoid alcohol consumption, especially if experiencing gastrointestinal side effects.
- Avoid strenuous exercise that puts stress on tendons during treatment.
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