Avloclav
Generic Name
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid
Manufacturer
Various (e.g., Square Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh)
Country
Varies by manufacturer
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
---|---|---|
avloclav 125 mg suspension | ৳ 245.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Avloclav 125 mg Suspension is a combination antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It contains amoxicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic, and clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which helps amoxicillin work more effectively against bacteria that produce beta-lactamase enzymes.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Not typically used in 125 mg/5 mL suspension form for adults. Higher strengths (e.g., 250 mg/125 mg, 500 mg/125 mg, 875 mg/125 mg tablets) are usually prescribed for adults.
Children
Based on amoxicillin component, 20-45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8-12 hours, depending on severity of infection. For 125 mg/5 mL suspension, typical pediatric dosing is 25 mg/kg/day (e.g., 20 kg child: 500 mg/day = 20 mL/day, given as 10 mL twice daily). Always follow doctor's prescription.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired renal function, based on creatinine clearance. Consult a physician for specific recommendations.
How to Take
Take orally, preferably at the start of a meal to minimize potential gastrointestinal intolerance and to maximize absorption. Shake the bottle well before each use to ensure uniform dosage. Use the provided measuring spoon or cup for accurate dosing.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that inactivates a wide range of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria, thereby extending the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within 1 hour.
Excretion
Both components are primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys, predominantly via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
Amoxicillin: approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. Clavulanic Acid: approximately 1 hour.
Absorption
Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Peak serum concentrations are achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing.
Metabolism
Amoxicillin is minimally metabolized in the liver; clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin or any component of Avloclav
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)
- History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with previous co-amoxiclav therapy
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Decreases renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin, leading to increased and prolonged blood levels of amoxicillin. Not recommended for concomitant use.
Allopurinol
Increased risk of skin rash when co-administered with amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal excretion.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise additional non-hormonal contraception.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time and increase INR. Close monitoring is required.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 25°C in a dry place. Keep the reconstituted suspension in the refrigerator (2-8°C) and do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance may also occur. In cases of severe overdose, renal impairment or convulsions may be observed. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis can remove both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. While studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted into breast milk. Use with caution in nursing mothers, as it may cause sensitization, diarrhea, candidiasis in the infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin or any component of Avloclav
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any other beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)
- History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with previous co-amoxiclav therapy
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Decreases renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin, leading to increased and prolonged blood levels of amoxicillin. Not recommended for concomitant use.
Allopurinol
Increased risk of skin rash when co-administered with amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal excretion.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise additional non-hormonal contraception.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time and increase INR. Close monitoring is required.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 25°C in a dry place. Keep the reconstituted suspension in the refrigerator (2-8°C) and do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance may also occur. In cases of severe overdose, renal impairment or convulsions may be observed. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis can remove both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. While studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted into breast milk. Use with caution in nursing mothers, as it may cause sensitization, diarrhea, candidiasis in the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Dry powder: 2 years. Reconstituted suspension: 7-10 days when stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C).
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
Widely approved globally
Patent Status
Patent expired; generic versions available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid has undergone extensive clinical trials and studies demonstrating its efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections. Its use is well-established in medical practice.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST, bilirubin) in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment or during prolonged therapy
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN) in patients with renal impairment or during prolonged therapy
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients to complete the full course of treatment to prevent antibiotic resistance and recurrence of infection.
- Monitor liver and renal function in patients on prolonged therapy or with pre-existing conditions.
- Counsel patients on potential gastrointestinal side effects and the importance of taking the medication with food.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve.
- Shake the bottle well before each use.
- Use the provided measuring device for accurate dosing; household spoons are not accurate.
- Store the reconstituted suspension in the refrigerator (2-8°C) and discard any unused portion after 7-10 days.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
This medicine can cause side effects like dizziness, which might affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. If you experience dizziness, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during the course of treatment, as it may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects.
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