Avloclav
Generic Name
avloclav-500-mg-injection
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
---|---|---|
avloclav 500 mg injection | ৳ 150.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Avloclav 500 mg injection is a broad-spectrum antibiotic containing Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by beta-lactamase producing strains.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usually 500 mg Amoxicillin/100 mg Clavulanic Acid IV every 8 hours, or 1 g Amoxicillin/200 mg Clavulanic Acid IV every 8 hours for severe infections. Dosage may vary based on infection type and severity.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment required unless there is significant renal impairment. Monitor renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment necessary based on creatinine clearance. For CrCl 10-30 mL/min, 500 mg/100 mg every 12 hours. For CrCl <10 mL/min, 500 mg/100 mg every 24 hours. Hemodialysis patients require an additional dose during dialysis and at the end of dialysis.
How to Take
Avloclav injection is reconstituted with sterile water for injection and administered either by slow intravenous injection (3-4 minutes) or by intravenous infusion (30-40 minutes). It can also be administered intramuscularly, though this route is less common for adults.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial lysis and death. Clavulanic Acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects amoxicillin from degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria, thereby extending amoxicillin's antibacterial spectrum.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes after intravenous administration.
Excretion
Both components are primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, mainly by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
Amoxicillin: Approximately 1-1.5 hours; Clavulanic Acid: Approximately 1 hour. Half-life may be prolonged in renal impairment.
Absorption
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid are well absorbed after parenteral administration (IV/IM). Peak plasma concentrations are achieved rapidly.
Metabolism
Amoxicillin is partially metabolized to inactive metabolites. Clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of hypersensitivity to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
- History of amoxicillin/clavulanate-associated jaundice or hepatic dysfunction.
- Severe renal impairment (without dose adjustment).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases amoxicillin levels by reducing renal tubular secretion. Concomitant use is not recommended.
Allopurinol
Increased incidence of skin rash when co-administered with amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal excretion. Monitor methotrexate levels.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time. Close monitoring of INR is advised.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 25°C to 30°C, protected from moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within specified time if refrigerated.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include gastrointestinal upset, electrolyte imbalance, and convulsions. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis can remove both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of hypersensitivity to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
- History of amoxicillin/clavulanate-associated jaundice or hepatic dysfunction.
- Severe renal impairment (without dose adjustment).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases amoxicillin levels by reducing renal tubular secretion. Concomitant use is not recommended.
Allopurinol
Increased incidence of skin rash when co-administered with amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal excretion. Monitor methotrexate levels.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May prolong prothrombin time. Close monitoring of INR is advised.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 25°C to 30°C, protected from moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within specified time if refrigerated.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include gastrointestinal upset, electrolyte imbalance, and convulsions. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis can remove both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years for the powder for injection, when stored as per manufacturer's instructions. Reconstituted solution has limited shelf life.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA (Bangladesh)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid combination has undergone extensive clinical trials and is a well-established antibiotic with proven efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (especially with prolonged therapy)
- Renal function tests
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) in prolonged therapy
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course to prevent resistance.
- Counsel patients on potential allergic reactions and advise immediate medical attention if they occur.
- Monitor liver and renal function, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions or on prolonged therapy.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects to your doctor immediately.
- Inform your doctor about any known allergies, especially to penicillins or cephalosporins.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
This medicine may cause dizziness in some patients. If you experience dizziness, avoid driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration during treatment.
- Avoid self-medication with antibiotics.
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