Ciprocin
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciprocin 250 mg tablet | ৳ 8.56 | ৳ 85.60 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone and joint infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250 mg to 750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the type and severity of infection.
Elderly
Dosage should be adjusted based on renal function. No specific dose reduction is needed solely for age.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance (CrCl) between 30-50 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For CrCl < 30 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours.
How to Take
Administer orally with or without food. Do not take with dairy products (e.g., milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, as these can significantly decrease absorption. Take with plenty of fluids.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes involved in bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Varies depending on the type and severity of infection, typically within hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted renally (approximately 50-70% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent via the faecal route.
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is approximately 70-80%.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver, forming several metabolites, some of which have antimicrobial activity.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with Tizanidine.
- History of tendon disorders associated with quinolone use.
- Myasthenia gravis exacerbation.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing bleeding risk.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations, which can lead to hypotension and sedation.
Cyclosporine
May increase serum cyclosporine levels.
Theophylline
Increases serum concentrations of theophylline, potentially leading to toxicity.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc
Reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin; administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted into breast milk and therefore not recommended for use during lactation due to potential risks to the infant (e.g., arthropathy).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with Tizanidine.
- History of tendon disorders associated with quinolone use.
- Myasthenia gravis exacerbation.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing bleeding risk.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations, which can lead to hypotension and sedation.
Cyclosporine
May increase serum cyclosporine levels.
Theophylline
Increases serum concentrations of theophylline, potentially leading to toxicity.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc
Reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin; administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted into breast milk and therefore not recommended for use during lactation due to potential risks to the infant (e.g., arthropathy).
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Usually 24-36 months from manufacturing date, refer to product packaging for exact expiry.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, EMA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic (Patent expired)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensively studied in numerous clinical trials since its introduction, demonstrating efficacy across various bacterial infections and informing its safety profile. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN) periodically, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if treatment is prolonged or liver dysfunction is suspected.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) for prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Assess renal function before initiating therapy and adjust dosage accordingly.
- Counsel patients on the risk of tendinopathy and neuropathy, and to discontinue immediately if symptoms occur.
- Advise against concomitant use with tizanidine and caution with other QT-prolonging drugs.
- Consider potential for *C. difficile* infection if severe diarrhea develops.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve.
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria.
- Avoid excessive exposure to direct sunlight or artificial UV light; use sunscreen.
- Report any tendon pain, numbness, tingling, or unusual muscle weakness to your doctor immediately.
- Avoid taking with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices.
- Do not share this medicine with others.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautioned against driving or operating machinery until they know how the drug affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration throughout the treatment period.
- Protect skin from sun exposure due to increased photosensitivity.
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