Clobac
Generic Name
Cloxacillin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| clobac 125 mg suspension | ৳ 180.68 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cloxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, especially those caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It is particularly effective against skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and respiratory tract infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-500 mg every 6 hours, adjusted based on infection severity. For oral suspension, 5-10 ml (125-250 mg) every 6 hours.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but caution with renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction may be necessary in severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min).
How to Take
Administer orally, preferably 30-60 minutes before meals or 2 hours after meals, to ensure optimal absorption. Shake the suspension well before each use. Use a measuring spoon or cup for accurate dosing.
Mechanism of Action
Cloxacillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. It is resistant to degradation by penicillinase, an enzyme produced by some bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, with some biliary excretion.
Half life
Approximately 0.5 to 1.5 hours
Absorption
Rapidly but incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, especially when taken on an empty stomach. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics or any component of Cloxacillin
- History of severe allergic reaction to beta-lactam antibiotics
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance anticoagulant effect, requiring closer monitoring of INR.
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs Cloxacillin blood levels by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Methotrexate
May decrease methotrexate excretion, increasing its toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, advise additional contraceptive methods.
Storage
Store dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. After reconstitution, store in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discard after 7-14 days (check specific manufacturer instructions).
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and convulsions in severe cases. Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis may be used in severe cases of renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Cloxacillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy (Category B). Lactation: Excreted in breast milk in small amounts; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but monitor infant for potential side effects (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis).
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 months for dry powder, shorter once reconstituted (e.g., 7-14 days at room temperature or refrigerated).
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved worldwide for clinical use
Patent Status
Patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cloxacillin has been extensively studied since its introduction. Current research focuses on resistance patterns and optimal dosing strategies. Early trials established its efficacy against penicillinase-producing staphylococci.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (for prolonged high-dose therapy or renal impairment)
- Liver function tests (for prolonged therapy)
- Complete blood count (for prolonged therapy)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize importance of completing the full course to prevent resistance.
- Advise on taking on an empty stomach for better absorption.
- Be aware of potential for allergic reactions, especially in patients with known penicillin allergy.
- Monitor for signs of C. difficile infection if diarrhea occurs.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if you feel better.
- Shake the suspension well before each dose.
- Take on an empty stomach for best absorption.
- Do not share this medicine with others.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Generally, Cloxacillin does not impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or other side effects, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
- Consult your doctor if symptoms do not improve or worsen.
Alternative Medicines in Bangladesh
Similar medicines available in the market
Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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