Medicine Information

Dextrose

Name: Dextrose
Brand: Dextrose
Rating: 4.5 (117 reviews)

Injection (Intravenous solution)25% w/v (25g per 100mL)Fluid and Electrolyte Preparations / Caloric AgentATC: B05CX01

Generic Name

Dextrose 25% Injection

Manufacturer

Various pharmaceutical manufacturers

Country

Globally manufactured

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Price Details

Current market pricing information

Variant	Unit Price	Strip Price
dextrose 25 injection	৳ 9.17	N/A

Description

Overview of the medicine

Dextrose 25% Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of dextrose in water for injection, intended for intravenous administration. It is a caloric agent and is used as a source of energy and fluid, especially in conditions requiring higher caloric intake or treatment of hypoglycemia.

Uses & Indications

Treatment of hypoglycemia

Source of calories and fluid in parenteral nutrition

Treatment of insulin shock

Diluent for other injectable medications

Treatment of hyperkalemia (in conjunction with insulin)

Dosage

Adults

Dosage varies significantly based on patient's metabolic needs, severity of hypoglycemia, or fluid requirements. Typically, 10-25 mL of Dextrose 25% injection given slowly intravenously. For continuous infusion, diluted solutions are often used.

Elderly

Similar to adults, but with careful monitoring due to potential for fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.

Renal_impairment

Use with caution; careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial.

How to Take

Administer intravenously, either as a slow bolus injection or as a continuous infusion. The rate of administration should be carefully controlled, especially in infants and diabetic patients. For 25% solution, slow administration is critical to avoid venous irritation.

Mechanism of Action

Dextrose is a monosaccharide (glucose) which is readily metabolized by the body's cells to produce energy. It is a primary source of calories and helps to maintain blood glucose levels, preventing hypoglycemia, and providing energy for cellular functions.

Pharmacokinetics

Onset

Immediate

Excretion

Carbon dioxide is excreted via respiration, water via kidneys and insensible losses. Excess glucose can be excreted renally if blood levels exceed renal threshold.

Half life

Not applicable to dextrose in the same way as drugs; it is rapidly metabolized. The half-life of glucose in blood is typically very short, minutes.

Absorption

Rapidly and completely absorbed into the systemic circulation upon intravenous administration.

Metabolism

Primarily metabolized via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to produce ATP (energy), carbon dioxide, and water.

Side Effects

Contraindications

Patients with known allergy to dextrose
Anuria
Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage
Severe dehydration (without adequate electrolyte replacement)
Diabetic coma (unless blood glucose is very low and unresponsive to other measures)

Drug Interactions

Insulin

Dextrose can counteract the hypoglycemic effect of insulin; dosage adjustments may be necessary.

Corticosteroids

May increase blood glucose levels, requiring higher doses of dextrose or closer monitoring in diabetic patients.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), away from freezing and excessive heat. Protect from light. Do not use if solution is cloudy or contains particles.

Overdose

Overdose can lead to hyperglycemia, glycosuria, osmotic diuresis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia), and fluid overload, potentially resulting in pulmonary edema. Management involves discontinuing dextrose, administering insulin if hyperglycemia is severe, and correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and lactation when indicated for medical necessity, especially for hypoglycemia or nutritional support. Consult a healthcare professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about this medicine

Pack Sizes

10 mL ampoule25 mL ampoule50 mL vial

Shelf Life

Varies by manufacturer, typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date when stored properly.

Availability

Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies (with prescription)

Approval Status

Approved by major regulatory bodies globally (e.g., FDA, EMA, DGDA)

Patent Status

Generic/Off-patent

WHO Essential Medicine

Yes

Clinical Trials

Dextrose is a fundamental and long-established medical substance. While specific trials for 'Dextrose 25% Injection' for basic indications are rare, it is routinely used in clinical settings. Studies often focus on its efficacy in specific patient populations or in comparison to other agents for conditions like hypoglycemia or nutritional support.

Lab Monitoring

Blood glucose levels
Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, magnesium)
Fluid balance (input/output)
Renal function tests

Doctor Notes

Careful monitoring of blood glucose and electrolytes is essential, especially in pediatric, elderly, and diabetic patients.
Avoid rapid intravenous administration of concentrated dextrose solutions due to risk of venous irritation and rebound hypoglycemia.
Ensure adequate insulin coverage when administering high concentrations to diabetic patients.

Patient Guidelines

This medicine will be administered by a healthcare professional.
Report any discomfort at the injection site immediately.
Inform your doctor about any pre-existing conditions like diabetes, kidney problems, or heart disease.
Do not try to self-administer this injection.

Missed Dose Advice

Dextrose injection is typically administered in acute situations or as part of a continuous infusion. If a scheduled infusion is missed or interrupted, consult the healthcare provider immediately for instructions.

Driving Precautions

Dextrose injection is typically administered in a hospital setting and does not directly impair driving ability. However, the underlying condition requiring dextrose (e.g., severe hypoglycemia) may affect the ability to drive. Patients should follow their doctor's advice regarding driving after treatment.