Dinakion
Generic Name
Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1)
Manufacturer
Acme Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| dinakion 1 mg capsule | ৳ 15.00 | ৳ 150.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Phytomenadione, also known as Vitamin K1, is essential for blood clotting. It is used to treat and prevent bleeding disorders caused by low levels of prothrombin and other clotting factors, particularly in cases of vitamin K deficiency or overdose of anticoagulant medications.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For warfarin reversal: Typically 1-10 mg orally, depending on INR and clinical situation. For vitamin K deficiency: 2.5-25 mg orally, adjusted based on response.
Elderly
Similar to adults, but use with caution and monitor closely due to potential for increased sensitivity.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment is generally required in renal impairment, but clinical monitoring is advisable.
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. Absorption is generally better when taken with food containing some fat.
Mechanism of Action
Phytomenadione acts as a co-factor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which is essential for the post-translational carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues in clotting factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, as well as protein C and S. This carboxylation activates these factors, enabling proper blood coagulation.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Oral: 6-10 hours to achieve significant effect on clotting factors (e.g., reduction in INR).
Excretion
Primarily excreted in bile and urine as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
Half life
Approximately 1.5-3 hours for the parent drug; the duration of action for clotting factor synthesis is longer.
Absorption
Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of bile salts; absorption may be impaired in patients with malabsorption syndromes.
Metabolism
Rapidly metabolized in the liver to more polar metabolites, primarily through reduction and glucuronidation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to phytomenadione or any other component of the formulation.
- Severe liver disease where vitamin K action is ineffective.
Drug Interactions
Cholestyramine, Mineral oil, Orlistat
These can impair the absorption of orally administered vitamin K.
Warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants
Phytomenadione directly antagonizes the anticoagulant effects of coumarin derivatives. Concurrent use requires careful monitoring and dosage adjustment.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose with oral phytomenadione is rare and usually well-tolerated. It may lead to temporary resistance to anticoagulant therapy. Treatment is primarily supportive; no specific antidote is required.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy when medically indicated, as recommended doses are unlikely to cause harm. Excreted in breast milk in small amounts; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding at therapeutic doses.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the manufacturing date, consult packaging for exact date.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Phytomenadione has been extensively studied since its discovery, with numerous clinical trials and observational studies supporting its efficacy in managing coagulation disorders and reversing the effects of coumarin anticoagulants.
Lab Monitoring
- Prothrombin Time (PT) / International Normalized Ratio (INR) – essential for monitoring efficacy, especially in anticoagulant reversal.
- Liver function tests – if liver disease is suspected as an underlying cause of coagulopathy.
Doctor Notes
- Always monitor Prothrombin Time (PT) / INR closely when initiating or adjusting vitamin K therapy, particularly in patients on warfarin.
- Educate patients on the importance of consistent dietary vitamin K intake to avoid fluctuations in anticoagulant control.
Patient Guidelines
- Take this medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
- Maintain a consistent diet, especially regarding vitamin K-rich foods, if you are also on anticoagulant therapy.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Dinakion 1 mg capsule is not known to affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or any other side effects that impair your concentration, avoid these activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid sudden, drastic changes in your diet, particularly relating to vitamin K-rich foods, as this can affect the effectiveness of your treatment.
- Report any unusual bleeding, bruising, or adverse reactions to your doctor immediately.
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